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首页> 外文期刊>AIDS >Sexually transmitted disease and HIV prevalence and risk factors in concentrated and generalized HIV epidemic settings.
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Sexually transmitted disease and HIV prevalence and risk factors in concentrated and generalized HIV epidemic settings.

机译：在集中和普遍的艾滋病毒流行情况下，性传播疾病和艾滋病毒的流行以及危险因素。

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BACKGROUND: In many developing countries, the threat of nascent HIV epidemics expanding rapidly requires immediate and appropriate HIV prevention activities. Inexpensive and sustainable interventions are especially relevant in resource-constrained environments. In 2001, we assessed the prevalence and behavioral risk of sexually transmitted disease (STD) and HIV among at-risk populations in five developing countries in preparation for a community-randomized controlled trial, the NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial. METHODS: Using a standardized protocol, more than 1000 participants in each country (China, India, Peru, Russia, and Zimbabwe) were selected by random sampling methods, completed a behavioral risk assessment, and provided biological specimens using a common laboratory protocol. Sample characteristics were studied within each country, and risk factors for HIV/STD acquisition were evaluated using logistic regression models. RESULTS: HIV rates were low (<1%) in China, India, Peru, and Russia but were high (26%) in rural Zimbabwe. STDs were generally twice as common in women as men, and serological evidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection was the most frequently detected STD. Behavioral data showed high rates of multiple partners in the Russian sample, and very low condom use rates in India and China. Among participants who reported ever having sex, female sex and having two or more sex partners were the factors most frequently associated with an increased risk of prevalent STD. CONCLUSION: Behavioral or biological risks were of sufficient magnitude in the locations selected in China, Russia, and Zimbabwe to implement the community-based randomized trial. Higher-risk subsets of community residents in India and Peru were identified before beginning the Trial.
机译：背景：在许多发展中国家，新生的艾滋病毒流行迅速蔓延的威胁要求立即开展适当的艾滋病毒预防活动。廉价和可持续的干预措施在资源有限的环境中尤其重要。在2001年，我们评估了五个发展中国家高危人群中性传播疾病（STD）和HIV的患病率和行为风险，以准备进行社区随机对照试验NIMH HIV / STD预防性合作试验。方法：采用标准化方案，通过随机抽样方法选择了每个国家（中国，印度，秘鲁，俄罗斯和津巴布韦）的1000多名参与者，完成了行为风险评估，并使用通用的实验室方案提供了生物学标本。每个国家都对样本特征进行了研究，并使用逻辑回归模型评估了感染艾滋病毒/性病的风险因素。结果：中国，印度，秘鲁和俄罗斯的艾滋病毒感染率较低（<1％），而津巴布韦农村地区的艾滋病毒感染率较高（26％）。性病通常是女性的两倍，是男性的两倍，而最常见的性病是2型单纯疱疹病毒感染的血清学证据。行为数据显示，俄罗斯样本中多个伴侣的比率很高，而印度和中国的避孕套使用率非常低。在报告曾发生过性行为，女性性行为以及有两个或多个性伴侣的参与者中，最常与性病流行风险增加相关的因素是。结论：在中国，俄罗斯和津巴布韦选择的地点，行为或生物风险具有足够的规模，可以实施基于社区的随机试验。在开始试用之前，确定了印度和秘鲁社区居民的高风险子集。

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