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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of cross-cultural psychology >US and Chilean Mothers' Use of Mental References With Infant Girls and Boys: Comparison of Maternal Practices in Gender Socialization via Language in Two Countries
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US and Chilean Mothers' Use of Mental References With Infant Girls and Boys: Comparison of Maternal Practices in Gender Socialization via Language in Two Countries

机译：美国和智利母亲使用婴儿女孩和男孩的心理参考：通过两个国家的语言对性别社会化的孕产妇做法比较

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摘要

Variability in parents' socialization of gender across countries has been understudied. To address the gap, this study compares U.S. and Chilean mothers' practices in socialization of gender through use of mental state language. Drawing on 90 Chilean and 52 U.S. mother-infant dyads, we examined variation in the frequencies of mothers' utterances of five types of mental referencesemotion, desire, physiological states, causal talk, and cognitionto determine whether they varied by country and infant gender. Infant age ranged between 10 and 15 months. The frequencies with which both U.S. and Chilean mothers in our sample talked about most mental references did not vary according to infant gender, with the exceptions of causal talk in the United States. Specifically, the U.S. mothers used more causal talk with girls than boys. There were more similarities than differences in maternal use of the mental references in the U.S. and Chilean samples. This study did not observe gendered socialization practices through the use of these mental references in infancy among the U.S. and Chilean mothers. Instead, the current study suggests that, using mothers' mental references in the child's first year as the indicator, both gender-neutral and cross-gendered socialization practices emerge in the United States, and only gender-neutral socialization practices emerge in Chile.
机译：父母对各国的父母社会化的可变性已经被解读。为了解决差距，通过使用精神状态语言，本研究比较了美国和智利母亲在性别社会化方面的习俗。在90岁的智利和52中婴儿二进制中绘制，我们检查了母亲的频率的变化，五种类型的心理参考，欲望，生理状态，因果谈话和认知，确定它们是否因国家和婴儿性别而变化。婴儿年龄在10到15个月之间。在我们的样本中讨论了大多数心理参考的频率，根据婴儿性别并没有根据婴儿性别而变化，并在美国的因果关系例外。具体而言，美国母亲使用比男孩更有因果关系。比美国和智利样品中的母体使用心理参考的差异有更多的相似之处。本研究通过在美国和智利母亲中的婴儿期使用这些心理参考，没有观察到性别的社会化行为。相反，目前的研究表明，在儿童的第一年使用母亲的心理参考作为指标，在美国出现了性别中立和交叉性交社会化惯例，只有性别中立的社会化惯例出现在智利中出现。

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