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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >Increasing crop yield and resilience with trehalose 6-phosphate: targeting a feast-famine mechanism in cereals for better source-sink optimization
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Increasing crop yield and resilience with trehalose 6-phosphate: targeting a feast-famine mechanism in cereals for better source-sink optimization

机译：通过海藻糖6磷酸盐增加作物产量和韧性：靶向谷物中的盛宴机制，以更好的源汇优化

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摘要

Food security is a pressing global issue. New approaches are required to break through a yield ceiling that has developed in recent years for the major crops. As important as increasing yield potential is the protection of yield from abiotic stresses in an increasingly variable and unpredictable climate. Current strategies to improve yield include conventional breeding, marker-assisted breeding, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), mutagenesis, creation of hybrids, genetic modification (GM), emerging genome-editing technologies, and chemical approaches. A regulatory mechanism amenable to three of these approaches has great promise for large yield improvements. Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) synthesized in the low-flux trehalose biosynthetic pathway signals the availability of sucrose in plant cells as part of a whole-plant sucrose homeostatic mechanism. Modifying T6P content by GM, marker-assisted selection, and novel chemistry has improved yield in three major cereals under a range of water availabilities from severe drought through to flooding. Yield improvements have been achieved by altering carbon allocation and how carbon is used. Targeting T6P both temporally and spatially offers great promise for large yield improvements in productive (up to 20%) and marginal environments (up to 120%). This opinion paper highlights this important breakthrough in fundamental science for crop improvement.
机译：粮食安全是一项紧迫的全球问题。新方法必须突破近年来为主要作物开发的产量天花板。随着产量潜力的增加是在日益变化和不可预测的气候中对非生物胁迫的产量保护产生的产量。目前提高产量的策略包括常规育种，标记辅助育种，定量性状性状，诱变，杂种，遗传修饰（GM），新兴的基因组编辑技术和化学方法。适用于这些方法中的三种方法的监管机制具有很大的承诺，可以获得大的收益率改善。在低通量海藻糖生物合成途径中合成的海藻糖6-磷酸（T6P）发出植物细胞中蔗糖的可用性，作为全植物蔗糖稳态机制的一部分。通过GM，标记辅助选择和新化学改善T6P含量，在一系列水可用性下通过严重干旱通过洪水来提高三大谷物的产量。通过改变碳分配和如何使用碳，已经实现了产量改善。在时间上瞄准T6P并在空间上提供了很大的承诺，可以提高生产性（高达20％）和边际环境（高达120％）。本文介绍了作物改善基础科学的这一重要突破。

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