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首页> 外文期刊>Biotechnology Advances: An International Review Journal >A sustainable woody biomass biorefinery.
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A sustainable woody biomass biorefinery.

机译：可持续的木质生物质生物精炼厂。

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摘要

Woody biomass is renewable only if sustainable production is imposed. An optimum and sustainable biomass stand production rate is found to be one with the incremental growth rate at harvest equal to the average overall growth rate. Utilization of woody biomass leads to a sustainable economy. Woody biomass is comprised of at least four components: extractives, hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose. While extractives and hemicellulose are least resistant to chemical and thermal degradation, cellulose is most resistant to chemical, thermal, and biological attack. The difference or heterogeneity in reactivity leads to the recalcitrance of woody biomass at conversion. A selection of processes is presented together as a biorefinery based on incremental sequential deconstruction, fractionation/conversion of woody biomass to achieve efficient separation of major components. A preference is given to a biorefinery absent of pretreatment and detoxification process that produce waste byproducts. While numerous biorefinery approaches are known, a focused review on the integrated studies of water-based biorefinery processes is presented. Hot-water extraction is the first process step to extract value from woody biomass while improving the quality of the remaining solid material. This first step removes extractives and hemicellulose fractions from woody biomass. While extractives and hemicellulose are largely removed in the extraction liquor, cellulose and lignin largely remain in the residual woody structure. Xylo-oligomers, aromatics and acetic acid in the hardwood extract are the major components having the greatest potential value for development. Higher temperature and longer residence time lead to higher mass removal. While high temperature (>200 degrees C) can lead to nearly total dissolution, the amount of sugars present in the extraction liquor decreases rapidly with temperature. Dilute acid hydrolysis of concentrated wood extracts renders the wood extract with monomeric sugars. At higher acid concentration and higher temperature the hydrolysis produced more xylose monomers in a comparatively shorter period of reaction time. Xylose is the most abundant monomeric sugar in the hydrolysate. The other comparatively small amounts of monomeric sugars include arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose and galactose. Acetic acid, formic acid, furfural, HMF and other byproducts are inevitably generated during the acid hydrolysis process. Short reaction time is preferred for the hydrolysis of hot-water wood extracts. Acid hydrolysis presents a perfect opportunity for the removal or separation of aromatic materials from the wood extract/hydrolysate. The hot-water wood extract hydrolysate, after solid-removal, can be purified by Nano-membrane filtration to yield a fermentable sugar stream. Fermentation products such as ethanol can be produced from the sugar stream without a detoxification step.
机译：只有实施可持续生产，木质生物质才可再生。发现最佳和可持续的生物量林分生产率是收获时的增量增长率等于平均总体增长率的一种。木质生物质的利用导致可持续的经济。木质生物质至少包含四种成分：提取物，半纤维素，木质素和纤维素。尽管提取物和半纤维素对化学和热降解的抵抗力最低，但是纤维素对化学，热和生物攻击的抵抗力最强。反应性的差异或异质性导致转化时木质生物质的顽固性。基于增量顺序解构，分馏/转化木质生物质以实现主要成分的有效分离的生物精炼厂，将共同选择的过程。优选没有预处理和解毒过程的生物精炼厂，其不产生废物副产物。尽管已知许多生物精炼方法，但对水基生物精炼过程的综合研究进行了重点综述。热水提取是从木质生物质中提取价值，同时提高剩余固体物质质量的第一步。第一步是从木质生物质中去除提取物和半纤维素部分。尽管萃取液中的萃取物和半纤维素已被大量去除，但纤维素和木质素仍大量残留在残留的木质结构中。硬木提取物中的木二低聚物，芳香族化合物和乙酸是具有最大发展潜力的主要成分。较高的温度和较长的停留时间导致较高的质量去除。高温（> 200摄氏度）可能会导致几乎完全溶解，但萃取液中糖的含量会随温度迅速降低。浓缩木材提取物的稀酸水解使木材提取物中带有单体糖。在较高的酸浓度和较高的温度下，水解在相对较短的反应时间内产生了更多的木糖单体。木糖是水解产物中含量最丰富的单体糖。其他相对少量的单体糖包括阿拉伯糖，葡萄糖，鼠李糖，甘露糖和半乳糖。在酸水解过程中不可避免地会产生乙酸，甲酸，糠醛，HMF和其他副产物。对于热水木提取物的水解，优选短的反应时间。酸水解为从木材提取物/水解物中去除或分离芳香物质提供了绝佳的机会。去除固体后，热水木材提取物的水解产物可以通过纳米膜过滤进行纯化，以产生可发酵的糖流。无需脱毒步骤即可从糖流中生产出发酵产物（例如乙醇）。

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