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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >Alternative oxidase is an important player in the regulation of nitric oxide levels under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in plants
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Alternative oxidase is an important player in the regulation of nitric oxide levels under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in plants

机译:替代氧化酶是在植物中常氧和缺氧条件下调节一氧化氮水平的重要参与者

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摘要

Plant mitochondria possess two different pathways for electron transport from ubiquinol: the cytochrome pathway and the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway. The AOX pathway plays an important role in stress tolerance and is induced by various metabolites and signals. Previously, several lines of evidence indicated that the AOX pathway prevents overproduction of superoxide and other reactive oxygen species. More recent evidence suggests that AOX also plays a role in regulation of nitric oxide (NO) production and signalling. The AOX pathway is induced under low phosphate, hypoxia, pathogen infections, and elicitor treatments. The induction of AOX under aerobic conditions in response to various stresses can reduce electron transfer through complexes III and IV and thus prevents the leakage of electrons to nitrite and the subsequent accumulation of NO. Excess NO under various stresses can inhibit complex IV; thus, the AOX pathway minimizes nitrite-dependent NO synthesis that would arise from enhanced electron leakage in the cytochrome pathway. By preventing NO generation, AOX can reduce peroxynitrite formation and tyrosine nitration. In contrast to its function under normoxia, AOX has a specific role under hypoxia, where AOX can facilitate nitrite-dependent NO production. This reaction drives the phytoglobin-NO cycle to increase energy efficiency under hypoxia.
机译:植物线粒体具有两种不同的途径,用于来自泛醇:细胞色素途径和替代氧化酶(AOX)途径。 AOX途径在应力耐受性中起重要作用,并且由各种代谢物和信号诱导。此前,几种证据表明AOX途径可防止超氧化物和其他反应性氧物种过量。最近的证据表明AOX也在调节一氧化氮(NO)的生产和信号传导中起作用。在低磷酸盐,缺氧,病原体感染和引发剂处理下诱导AOX途径。响应各种应力的有氧条件下AOX诱导可以通过复合物III和IV来减少电子转移,因此防止电子泄漏到亚硝酸盐和随后的NO积累。在各种应力​​下的过量否可以抑制复杂的IV;因此,AOX途径最小化亚硝酸盐依赖性没有合成,这将从细胞色素途径中的增强的电子泄漏产生。通过预防不代,AOX可以减少过氧硝酸盐形成和酪氨酸硝化。与其在常氧的功能相反,AOX在缺氧下具有特异性作用,其中AOX可以促进亚硝酸盐依赖性的没有生产。该反应驱动植物蛋白 - 无循环,以提高缺氧下的能效。

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