• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Biotechnology Advances: An International Review Journal >From crossbreeding to biotechnology-facilitated improvement of banana and plantain.
【24h】

From crossbreeding to biotechnology-facilitated improvement of banana and plantain.

机译：从杂交到生物技术促进香蕉和车前草的改良。

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

The annual harvest of banana and plantain ( Musa spp.) is approximately 145 million tons worldwide. About 85% of this global production comes from small plots and kitchen or backyard gardens from the developing world, and only 15% goes to the export trade. Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana are the ancestors of several hundreds of parthenocarpic Musa diploid and polyploid cultivars, which show multiple origins through inter- and intra-specific hybridizations from these two wild diploid species. Generating hybrids combining host plant resistance to pathogens and pests, short growth cycles and height, high fruit yield, parthenocarpy, and desired quality from the cultivars remains a challenge for Musa crossbreeding, which started about one century ago in Trinidad. The success of Musa crossbreeding depends on the production of true hybrid seeds in a crop known for its high levels of female sterility, particularly among polyploid cultivars. All banana export cultivars grown today are, however, selections from somatic mutants of the group Cavendish and have a very narrow genetic base, while smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa, tropical Asia and Latin America use some bred-hybrids (mostly cooking types). Musa improvement goals need to shift to address emerging threats because of the changing climate. Innovative cell and molecular biology tools have the potential to enhance the pace and efficiency of genetic improvement in Musa. Micro-propagation has been successful for high throughput of clean planting materials while in vitro seed germination assists in obtaining seedlings after inter-specific and across ploidy hybridization. Flow cytometry protocols are used for checking ploidy among genebank accessions and breeding materials. DNA markers, the genetic maps based on them, and the recent sequencing of the banana genome offer means for gaining more insights in the genetics of the crops and to identifying genes that could lead to accelerating Musa betterment. Likewise, DNA fingerprinting has been useful to characterize Musa diversity. Genetic engineering provides a complementary tool to Musa breeders who can introduce today transgenes that may confer resistance to bacteria, fungi and nematodes, or enhance pro-vitamin A fruit content. In spite of recent advances, the genetic improvement of Musa depends on a few crossbreeding programs (based in Brazil, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Guadeloupe, Honduras, India, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda) or a handful of genetic engineering endeavors (Australia, Belgium, India, Kenya, Malaysia and Uganda). Development investors (namely international aid and philanthropy) should therefore increase their funding to genetically enhance this crop that ranks among the 10-top staple foods of the developing world.
机译：全世界的香蕉和大蕉（芭蕉属）的年收成约为1.45亿吨。全球产量的大约85％来自发展中国家的小块土地以及厨房或后院花园，而只有15％来自出口贸易。 Musa acuminata和Musa balbisiana是数百个单性结实Musa二倍体和多倍体品种的祖先，它们通过这两个野生二倍体物种的种间和种内杂交显示出多个起源。大约在一个世纪前就开始在特立尼达进行杂交的Musa杂交，从宿主植物对病原体和害虫的抵抗力，较短的生长周期和高度，较高的果实产量，单性结实以及理想的品质产生的杂交体仍然是挑战。 Musa杂交的成功取决于在具有高女性不育性的作物中，尤其是在多倍体品种中，产生真正的杂交种子。但是，今天种植的所有香蕉出口品种均选自卡文迪什（Cavendish）群体的体细胞突变体，并且遗传基础非常狭窄，而撒哈拉以南非洲，热带亚洲和拉丁美洲的小农则使用一些杂交杂种（主要是烹饪类型）。由于气候变化，需要改善Musa的改善目标，以应对新出现的威胁。创新的细胞和分子生物学工具具有提高Musa遗传改良的步伐和效率的潜力。微繁殖已成功实现了高产量的清洁种植材料，而体外种子萌发则有助于种间和跨倍性杂交后的幼苗获得。流式细胞仪协议用于检查种质库种质和育种材料之间的倍性。 DNA标记，基于这些标记的遗传图以及香蕉基因组的最新测序为获得更多农作物遗传学见识，并鉴定可导致加速Musa改善的基因提供了手段。同样，DNA指纹图谱可用于表征Musa多样性。基因工程为Musa育种者提供了一种补充工具，他们可以引入今天的转基因，这些转基因可以赋予细菌，真菌和线虫抗性，或提高维生素A的含量。尽管有最近的进展，但Musa的遗传改良取决于一些杂交计划（设在巴西，喀麦隆，科特迪瓦，瓜德罗普，洪都拉斯，印度，尼日利亚，坦桑尼亚和乌干达）或少数基因工程的尝试（澳大利亚） ，比利时，印度，肯尼亚，马来西亚和乌干达）。因此，发展投资者（即国际援助和慈善事业）应增加其资金，以基因改良该农作物，该农作物在发展中国家排名前10位。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号