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首页> 外文期刊>Biotechnology Advances: An International Review Journal >Global unbalance in seaweed production, research effort and biotechnology markets
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Global unbalance in seaweed production, research effort and biotechnology markets

机译：海藻生产，研究工作和生物技术市场的全球失衡

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Exploitation of the world's oceans is rapidly growing as evidenced by a booming patent market of marine products including seaweed, a resource that is easily accessible without sophisticated bioprospecting technology and that has a high level of domestication globally. The investment in research effort on seaweed aquaculture has recently been identified to be the main force for the development of a biotechnology market of seaweed-derived products and is a more important driver than the capacity of seaweed production. Here, we examined seaweed patent registrations between 1980 and 2009 to assess the growth rate of seaweed biotechnology, its geographic distribution and the types of applications patented. We compare this growth with scientific investment in seaweed aquaculture and with the market of seaweed production. We found that both the seaweed patenting market and the rate of scientific publications are rapidly growing (11% and 16.8% per year respectively) since 1990. The patent market is highly geographically skewed (95% of all registrations belonging to ten countries and the top two holding 65% of the total) compared to the distribution of scientific output among countries (60% of all scientific publications belonging to ten countries and the top two countries holding a 21%), but more homogeneously distributed than the production market (with a 99.8% belonging to the top ten countries, and a 71% to the top two). Food industry was the dominant application for both the patent registrations (37.7%) and the scientific publications (21%) followed in both cases by agriculture and aquaculture applications. This result is consistent with the seaweed taxa most represented. Kelp, which was the target taxa for 47% of the patent registrations, is a traditional ingredient in Asian food and Gracilaria and Ulva, which were the focus of 15% and 13% of the scientific publications respectively, that are also used in more sophisticated applications such as cosmetics, chemical industry or bioremediation. Our analyses indicate a recent interest of non-seaweed producing countries to play a part in the seaweed patenting market focusing on more sophisticated products, while developing countries still have a limited share in this booming market We suggest that this trend could be reverted by promoting partnerships for R and D to connect on-going efforts in aquaculture production with the emerging opportunities for new biotech applications of seaweed products
机译：蓬勃发展的海洋产品（包括海藻）专利市场证明了对世界海洋的开发正在迅速发展，该市场无需复杂的生物勘探技术就可以轻松获得，并且在全球范围内具有很高的驯化水平。最近发现，对海藻水产养殖研究工作的投资是海藻衍生产品生物技术市场发展的主要力量，并且比海藻生产能力更为重要。在这里，我们研究了1980年至2009年之间的海藻专利注册，以评估海藻生物技术的增长率，其地理分布以及申请专利的类型。我们将这种增长与海藻水产养殖的科学投资以及海藻生产市场进行了比较。我们发现，自1990年以来，海藻专利市场和科学出版物的增长率都在迅速增长（分别为每年11％和16.8％）。专利市场的地域高度倾斜（所有注册的95％属于十个国家和地区）与两个国家/地区的科学产出分布相比（两个国家/地区占总数的65％）（占十个国家和前两个国家/地区中所有科学出版物的60％占21％），但分布比生产市场更均匀（排名前十的国家占99.8％，排名前两名的国家占71％）。食品工业是专利注册（37.7％）和科学出版物（21％）的主要申请，其次是农业和水产养殖申请。此结果与最代表的海藻类群一致。海带是47％的专利注册的目标分类，是亚洲食品和江cil和Ulva的传统成分，它们分别是15％和13％的科学出版物的重点，它们也用于更复杂的化妆品，化学工业或生物修复等应用。我们的分析表明，非海藻生产国最近有兴趣在以更先进产品为主的海藻专利市场中发挥作用，而发展中国家在这个蓬勃发展的市场中仍然占有有限的份额。我们建议，可以通过促进伙伴关系来扭转这种趋势使研发部门将正在进行的水产养殖生产与海藻产品新生物技术应用的新兴机会联系起来

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