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首页> 外文期刊>Biotechnology Advances: An International Review Journal >Common mechanisms of DNA translocation motors in bacteria and viruses using one-way revolution mechanism without rotation
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Common mechanisms of DNA translocation motors in bacteria and viruses using one-way revolution mechanism without rotation

机译：使用单向旋转机制而不旋转的细菌和病毒中DNA易位马达的常见机制

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摘要

Biomotors were once described into two categories: linear motor and rotation motor. Recently, a third type of biomotor with revolution mechanism without rotation has been discovered. By analogy, rotation resembles the Earth rotating on its axis in a complete cycle every 24 h, while revolution resembles the Earth revolving around the Sun one circle per 365 days (see animations http:/anobio.uky.edu/movie.html). The action of revolution that enables a motor free of coiling and torque has solved many puzzles and debates that have occurred throughout the history of viral DNA packaging motor studies. It also settles the discrepancies concerning the structure, stoichiometry, and functioning of DNA translocation motors. This review uses bacteriophages Phi29, HK97, SPP1, P22, T4, and T7 as well as bacterial DNA translocase FtsK and SpollIE or the large eukaryotic dsDNA viruses such as mimivirus and vaccinia virus as examples to elucidate the puzzles. These motors use ATPase, some of which have been confirmed to be a hexamer, to revolve around the dsDNA sequentially. ATP binding induces conformational change and possibly an entropy alteration in ATPase to a high affinity toward dsDNA; but ATP hydrolysis triggers another entropic and conformational change in ATPase to a low affinity for DNA, by which dsDNA is pushed toward an adjacent ATPase subunit. The rotation and revolution mechanisms can be distinguished by the size of channel: the channels of rotation motors are equal to or smaller than 2 nm, that is the size of dsDNA, whereas channels of revolution motors are larger than 3 nm. Rotation motors use parallel threads to operate with a right-handed channel, while revolution motors use a left-handed channel to drive the right-handed DNA in an anti-chiral arrangement. Coordination of several vector factors in the same direction makes viral DNA-packaging motors unusually powerful and effective. Revolution mechanism that avoids DNA coiling in translocating the lengthy genomic dsDNA helix could be advantageous for cell replication such as bacterial binary fission and cell mitosis without the need for topoisomerase or helicase to consume additional energy
机译：生物电动机曾经被描述为两类：线性电动机和旋转电动机。近年来，发现了具有不旋转的旋转机构的第三种生物马达。以此类推，自转类似于地球每24小时以一个完整的周期自转，而自转类似于地球每365天围绕太阳自转一圈（请参见动画http:/anobio.uky.edu/movie.html）。 。旋转运动使电动机摆脱了盘绕和转矩，解决了整个病毒DNA包装电动机研究历史中出现的许多难题和争论。它还解决了有关DNA易位马达的结构，化学计量和功能的差异。本文以噬菌体Phi29，HK97，SPP1，P22，T4和T7以及细菌DNA易位酶FtsK和SpollIE或大型真核dsDNA病毒（如mimivirus和痘苗病毒）为例，来阐明这一难题。这些马达使用ATPase顺次绕dsDNA旋转，其中一些已被证实是六聚体。 ATP结合诱导构象变化，并可能使ATPase发生熵变，从而对dsDNA具有高度亲和力。但是ATP水解会触发ATPase的另一种熵变和构象变化，从而降低对DNA的亲和力，从而将dsDNA推向相邻的ATPase亚基。旋转和旋转机制可以通过通道的大小来区分：旋转马达的通道等于或小于2 nm，即dsDNA的大小，而旋转马达的通道则大于3 nm。旋转马达使用平行螺纹以右旋通道操作，而旋转马达使用左旋通道以反手性方式驱动右旋DNA。多个矢量因子在同一方向上的配合使病毒DNA包装电机异常强大和有效。避免在长基因组dsDNA螺旋移位时避免DNA缠绕的革命机制可能有利于细胞复制，例如细菌二元裂变和细胞有丝分裂，而无需拓扑异构酶或解旋酶消耗额外的能量

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