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Recovery of carboxylic acids produced by fermentation

机译：回收发酵产生的羧酸

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Carboxylic acids such as citric, lactic, succinic and itaconic acids are useful products and are obtained on large scale by fermentation. This review describes the options for recovering these and other fermentative carboxylic acids. After cell removal, often a primary recovery step is performed, using liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption, precipitation or conventional electrodialysis. If the carboxylate is formed rather than the carboxylic acid, the recovery process involves a step for removing the cation of the formed carboxylate. Then, bipolar electrodialysis and thermal methods for salt splitting can prevent that waste inorganic salts are co-produced. Final carboxylic add purification requires either distillation or crystallization, usually involving evaporation of water. Process steps can often be combined synergistically. In-situ removal of carboxylic acid by extraction during fermentation is the most popular approach. Recovery of the extractant can easily lead to waste inorganic salt formation, which counteracts the advantage of the in-situ removal. For industrial production, various recovery principles and configurations are used, because the fermentation conditions and physical properties of specific carboxylic acids differ
机译：诸如柠檬酸，乳酸，琥珀酸和衣康酸的羧酸是有用的产物，并且通过发酵大规模获得。这篇评论描述了回收这些和其他发酵羧酸的方法。去除细胞后，通常使用液液萃取，吸附，沉淀或常规电渗析进行初步回收步骤。如果形成的是羧酸盐而不是羧酸，则回收过程包括去除形成的羧酸盐的阳离子的步骤。然后，双极电渗析和热分解盐的方法可以防止产生废无机盐。最终的羧酸加成纯化需要蒸馏或结晶，通常涉及水的蒸发。工艺步骤通常可以协同组合。在发酵过程中通过萃取原位去除羧酸是最流行的方法。提取剂的回收很容易导致废无机盐的形成，这抵消了原位去除的优势。对于工业生产，由于特定羧酸的发酵条件和物理特性不同，因此使用了各种回收原理和配置。

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