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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Psychology. General >The Effects of Verbal Descriptions on Performance in Lineups and Showups
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The Effects of Verbal Descriptions on Performance in Lineups and Showups

机译：口头描述对阵容和展示性能的影响

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Verbally describing a face has been found to impair subsequent recognition of that face from a photo lineup, a phenomenon known as the verbal overshadowing effect (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990). Recently, a large direct replication study successfully reproduced that original finding (Alogna et al., 2014). However, in both the original study and the replication studies, memory was tested using only target-present lineups (i.e., lineups containing the previously seen target face), making it possible to compute the correct identification rate (correct ID rate; i.e., the hit rate) but not the false identification rate (false ID rate; i.e., the false alarm rate). Thus, the lower correct ID rate for the verbal condition could reflect either reduced discriminability or a conservative criterion shift relative to the control condition. In four verbal overshadowing experiments reported here, we measured both correct ID rates and false ID rates using photo lineups (Experiments 1 and 2) or single-photo showups (Experiments 3 and 4). The experimental manipulation (verbally describing the face or not) occurred either immediately after encoding (Experiments 1 and 3) or 20-min after encoding (Experiments 2 and 4). In the immediate condition, discriminability did not differ between groups, but in the delayed condition, discriminability was lower in the verbal description group (i.e., a verbal overshadowing effect was observed). A fifth experiment found that the effect of the immediate-versus-delayed manipulation may be attributable to a change in the content of verbal descriptions, with the ratio of diagnostic to generic facial features in the descriptions decreasing as delay increases.
机译：口头描述了一张面孔，从照片阵容中发现了随后的脸部识别，这是一种称为口头过性效应的现象（Techer＆Engstler-Themer，1990）。最近，一项大型直接复制研究成功转载了原始发现（Alogna等，2014）。然而，在原始研究和复制研究中，仅使用目标存在的阵容（即包含先前看到的目标面的阵容）测试存储器，使得可以计算正确的识别率（正确的ID率;即，命中率）但不是假识别率（假效率;即，误报率）。因此，口头状况的较低的正确ID速率可以反映相对于控制条件的降低的辨别性或保守标准偏移。在这里报告的四个言语外层实验中，我们使用照片阵容（实验1和2）或单摄影展（实验3和4）测量了正确的ID速率和假ID速率。在编码（实验1和3）或20分钟（实验2和4）后，在编码（实验1和3）或20分钟后立即发生实验操纵（口头描述面部）。在立即条件下，群体之间的辨别性在延迟条件下没有差异，在言语描述组（即，观察到口头过时的效果）的判别性较低。第五实验发现，与延迟延迟的操作的效果可以归因于口头描述的内容的变化，以延迟增加的描述中的描述中的诊断到通用面部特征的比率。

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