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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition >Effects of Aging, Word Frequency, and Text Stimulus Quality on Reading Across the Adult Lifespan: Evidence From Eye Movements
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Effects of Aging, Word Frequency, and Text Stimulus Quality on Reading Across the Adult Lifespan: Evidence From Eye Movements

机译：老化，词汇和文本刺激质量对成人寿命读数的影响：来自眼球运动的证据

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Reductions in stimulus quality may disrupt the reading performance of older adults more when compared with young adults because of sensory declines that begin early in middle age. However, few studies have investigated adult age differences in the effects of stimulus quality on reading, and none have examined how this affects lexical processing and eye movement control. Accordingly, we report two experiments that examine the effects of reduced stimulus quality on the eye movements of young (18-24 years), middle-aged (41-51 years), and older (65+ years) adult readers. In Experiment 1, participants read sentences that contained a high-or low-frequency critical word and that were presented normally or with contrast reduced so that words appeared faint. Experiment 2 further investigated effects of reduced stimulus quality using a gaze-contingent technique to present upcoming text normally or with contrast reduced. Typical patterns of age-related reading difficulty (e.g., slower reading, more regressions) were observed in both experiments. In addition, eye movements were disrupted more for older than younger adults when all text (Experiment 1) or just upcoming text (Experiment 2) appeared faint. Moreover, there was an interaction between stimulus quality and word frequency (Experiment 1), such that readers fixated faint low-frequency words for disproportionately longer. Crucially, this effect was similar across all age groups. Thus, although older readers suffer more from reduced stimulus quality, this additional difficulty primarily affects their visual processing of text. These findings have important implications for understanding the role of stimulus quality on reading behavior across the lifespan.
机译：与年轻成年人相比，刺激质量的减少可能会破坏老年人的阅读表现，因为在中年早期开始的感觉下降。然而，很少有研究对刺激质量对阅读影响的成人年龄差异，而且没有检查这会如何影响词汇处理和眼睛运动控制。因此，我们报告了两项实验，审查了刺激质量降低对年轻（18-24岁），中年（41-51岁）和更老（65岁以上）成年读者的影响。在实验1中，参与者读取包含高或低频临界词的句子，并且通常呈现或者对比度降低，使得单词似乎微弱。实验2进一步调查了使用凝氧偶然技术降低刺激质量的影响，以呈现通常或对比度的即将到来的文本。在两种实验中观察到典型的年龄相关阅读难度（例如，读数，更慢的读数，更慢的回归）。此外，当所有文本（实验1）或刚刚即将到来的文本出现微弱时，眼部运动比年轻成年人更老了。此外，刺激质量和字频之间的相互作用（实验1），使得读者固定微弱的低频词以不成比例地较长。至关重要，这种效果在所有年龄组中都相似。因此，虽然较老的读者从减少刺激质量遭受更多，但这种额外的难度主要影响他们对文本的视觉处理。这些调查结果对了解刺激质量对寿命读取行为的作用具有重要意义。

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