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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition >Best, Second-Best, and Good-Enough Explanations: How They Matter to Reasoning
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Best, Second-Best, and Good-Enough Explanations: How They Matter to Reasoning

机译：最好，第二个，和足够好的解释：他们如何推理

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摘要

There is a wealth of evidence that people's reasoning is influenced by explanatory considerations. Little is known, however, about the exact form this influence takes, for instance about whether the influence is unsystematic or because of people's following some rule. Three experiments investigate the descriptive adequacy of a precise proposal to be found in the philosophical literature, to wit, that we should infer to the best explanation, provided certain additional conditions are met. The first experiment studies the relation between the quality of an explanation and people's willingness to infer that explanation when only one candidate explanation is given. The second experiment presents participants always with two explanations and investigates the effect of the presence of an alternative on the participants' willingness to infer the target explanation. Although Experiments 1 and 2 manipulate explanation quality and willingness to infer to the best explanation between participants, Experiment 3 manipulates those measures within participants, thereby allowing to study the influence of explanatory considerations on inference at the individual level. The third experiment also studies the connection between explanation quality, willingness to infer, and metacognitive confidence in the decision to infer. The main conclusions that can be drawn from these experiments are that (a) the quality of an explanation is a good predictor of people's willingness to accept that explanation, and a better predictor than the prior probability of the explanation, and (b) if more than one possible explanation is given, people are the less willing to infer the best explanation the better they deem the second-best explanation.
机译：有丰富的证据表明人们的推理受解释性考虑的影响。然而，众所周知，这一影响力的确切形式是因为影响是不系统的，或者因为人们在一些规则之后。三个实验调查了在哲学文献中发现的精确提案的描述性充足，以至于我们应该推断出最佳解释，提供了某些额外的条件。第一个实验研究了解释质量与人们愿意推断出在给出一个候选人的解释时的关系。第二个实验始终始终有两个解释，并调查存在替代参与者推断目标解释的替代方面的效果。虽然实验1和2操纵解释质量和参与者之间的最佳解释的意愿，但实验3操纵参与者内的这些措施，从而允许研究解释性考虑对个人层面推断的影响。第三个实验还研究了解释质量之间的联系，愿意推断出来，在决定推断上的识别信心。可以从这些实验中得出的主要结论是（a）解释的质量是人们愿意接受该解释的良好预测因子，以及比解释的前提概率更好的预测器，（b）如果更多比一个可能的解释给出了，人们越愿意推断最好的解释，他们认为是第二次最佳解释。

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