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首页> 外文期刊>Birth defects research, Part C. Embryo today: reviews >Why boys will be boys and girls will be girls: Human sex development and its defects
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Why boys will be boys and girls will be girls: Human sex development and its defects

机译：为什么男孩将成为男孩而女孩将成为女孩：人类的性发展及其缺陷

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摘要

Among the most defining events of an individual's life, is the development of a human embryo into male or a female. The phenotypic sex of an individual depends on the type of gonad that develops in the embryo, a process which itself is determined by the genetic setting of the individual. The development of the gonads is different from any other organ, as they possess the potential to differentiate into two functionally distinct organs, testes, or ovaries. Sex development can be divided into two distinctive processes, sex determination, which is the commitment of the undifferentiated gonad into either a testis or an ovary, a process that is genetically programmed in a critically timed manner and sex differentiation, which takes place through hormones produced by the gonads, once the developmental sex determination decision has been made. Disruption of any of the genes involved in either the testicular or ovarian development pathway could lead to disorders of sex development. In this review, we provide an insight into the factors important for sex determination, their antagonistic actions and whenever possible, references on the prismatic clinical cases are given. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:365-379, 2016. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
机译：一个人生命中最具决定性的事件之一是人类胚胎发育成男性或女性。一个人的表型性别取决于在胚胎中发育的性腺的类型，这个过程本身由该人的遗传背景决定。性腺的发育不同于任何其他器官，因为它们具有分化为两个功能不同的器官，睾丸或卵巢的潜力。性别发展可分为两个不同的过程，即性别确定（这是未分化的性腺进入睾丸或卵巢的过程），以临界时间方式进行基因编程的过程以及通过产生激素产生的性别分化。一旦性发育决定决定，性腺就由性腺决定。睾丸或卵巢发育途径中涉及的任何基因的破坏都可能导致性发育障碍。在这篇综述中，我们提供了对性别决定重要的因素，它们的拮抗作用以及在可能的情况下提供的有关棱柱形临床病例的参考。出生缺陷研究（C部分）108：365-379，2016.（c）2016 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.

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