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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications >Virtual fingerprint and two-way ranging-based Bluetooth 3D indoor positioning with RSSI difference and distance ratio
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Virtual fingerprint and two-way ranging-based Bluetooth 3D indoor positioning with RSSI difference and distance ratio

机译：虚拟指纹和基于双向范围的蓝牙3D室内定位，具有RSSI差距和距离比

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摘要

This paper proposes a new method of 3D indoor positioning based on Bluetooth devices. Virtual Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) fingerprint is built on RSSI difference and distance ratio. The concepts and stability of 1D and 2D virtual fingerprints are introduced, and the property of uniqueness for virtual fingerprint is proved. 2D virtual fingerprint is more stable than that of 1D for indoor positioning. Various positioning algorithms, based on virtual fingerprint and one-way ranging, are discussed, such as NN, KNN, Multi-Step and nonlinear optimization, inference and regression. Multi-Step algorithm holds the best performance in time and error. The proposed method utilizes virtual fingerprint and two-way ranging to overcome the four evident shortcomings of the traditional RRSI fingerprint-based methods. Firstly, measured RSSI is calibration-less for different Bluetooth devices and varying battery status. Secondly, virtual fingerprint of training is obtained by computing, not measured point by point in whole 3D indoor environment. Thirdly, 3D indoor positioning method is employed to substitute for the classical 2D positioning methods. Finally, two-way ranging is adopted to take the place of the conventional one-way ranging and improve the positioning precision. The correctness and availability of the proposed method are testified by the simulation and hardware experiments.
机译：本文提出了一种基于蓝牙设备的3D室内定位方法。虚拟接收信号强度指示符（RSSI）指纹基于RSSI差和距离比构建。介绍了1D和2D虚拟指纹的概念和稳定性，并证明了虚拟指纹的唯一性属性。 2D虚拟指纹比室内定位的1D更稳定。讨论了基于虚拟指纹和单向测距的各种定位算法，例如NN，KNN，多步和非线性优化，推理和回归。多步算法在时间和错误中保持最佳性能。所提出的方法利用虚拟指纹和双向测距来克服传统的RRSI指纹方法的四个明显的缺点。首先，测量的RSSI对于不同的蓝牙设备和不同的电池状态，较少校准。其次，通过计算来获得培训的虚拟指纹，未通过整个3D室内环境中的点测量点。第三，采用3D室内定位方法来代替经典的2D定位方法。最后，采用双向测距来取代传统单向测距和提高定位精度。通过模拟和硬件实验证明了所提出的方法的正确性和可用性。

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