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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Insect Conservation >Identification 'by eye': integrative character assessment informs regional field identification of greater fritillary butterflies (Nymphalidae: Speyeria)
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Identification 'by eye': integrative character assessment informs regional field identification of greater fritillary butterflies (Nymphalidae: Speyeria)

机译：识别“通过眼睛”：综合性格评估通知区域野生蝴蝶的区域鉴定（Nymphalidae：Speyeria）

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The pronounced morphological variability exhibited by Speyeria butterflies can hinder the identification of these taxa, and thus presents a challenge to their management and conservation. While several studies have documented declines in American populations of Speyeria due to habitat change, the response of Canadian populations of Speyeria to widespread anthropogenic pressures remains poorly understood due to their difficult identification. Here, we assessed the utility of morphological characters recommended in regional field guides for the identification of Speyeria butterflies in Canada, focusing on three morphologically variable subspecies that inhabit boreal forests subject to widespread oil sands extraction: S. aphrodite manitoba, S. atlantis hollandi, and S. hesperis beani. We scored 159 specimens for 11 morphological characters, and complimented this data by sequencing the barcode region of the COI gene for 15 of these specimens. Our results indicate a high level of intraspecific variability in several characters, and the COI gene revealed that initial morphological identifications were incorrect. A further assessment of character reliability identified sets of morphological characters that, in combination with specimen sex and species natural history, improved subspecies identification. Notably, we found that a relatively novel field marker-in vivo eye color-consistently distinguished S. aphrodite manitoba from S. hesperis beani and S. atlantis hollandi. Our results emphasize the importance of using an integrative approach for the accurate identification of morphologically variable species, particularly in situations where molecular methods are not readily available, such as citizen science programs.
机译：Speyeria蝴蝶展出的明显的形态变异可以妨碍这些分类群的鉴定，从而对其管理和保护带来挑战。虽然由于栖息地发生变化，几项研究记录了美国Speyeria群体的下降，但由于其难以识别，加拿大Speyeria对广泛的人为压力的响应仍然明显。在这里，我们评估了区域外场指南推荐的形态特征的效用，用于识别加拿大的Speyeria蝴蝶，重点关注居住在北方森林的三个形态可变的亚种子，这些植物在广泛的石油砂砂中提取：S. aphrodite Manitoba，S.Atlantis Hollandi，和s. hesperis beani。我们获得了11个形态特征的159个样本，并通过测序COI基因的条形码区域为这些样品中的15个来称赞该数据。我们的结果表明了几个字符的高水平的内部内部变异性，COI基因显示出初始形态鉴定不正确。进一步评估了品格可靠性，确定了形态特征的组形态特征，与标本性和物种自然历史相结合，改善了亚种鉴定。值得注意的是，我们发现，来自S.Husperis Beani和S.Atlantis Hollandi的相对新的田间标记 - 始终如一地区的S. aphrodite Manitoba。我们的结果强调了使用一种综合方法来准确鉴定形态学变量物种的重要性，特别是在分子方法不容易获得的情况下，例如公民科学计划。

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