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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of hydrometeorology >Assessment of a High-Resolution Climate Model for Surface Water and Energy Flux Simulations over Global Land: An Intercomparison with Reanalyses
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Assessment of a High-Resolution Climate Model for Surface Water and Energy Flux Simulations over Global Land: An Intercomparison with Reanalyses

机译：对全球土地表面水和能量通量模拟的高分辨率气候模型评估：与Reanalyses的相互作用

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摘要

Land surface water and energy fluxes from the ensemble mean of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations of a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) high-resolution climate model (AM2.5) were evaluated using offline simulations of a calibrated land surface model [Princeton Global Forcing (PGF)/VIC] and intercompared with three reanalysis datasets: MERRA-Land, ERA-Interim/Land, and CFSR. Using PGF/VIC as the reference, the AM2.5 precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff showed a global positive bias of 0.44, 0.27, and 0.15 mm day(-1), respectively. For the energy budget, while the AM2.5 net radiation agreed very well with the PGF/VIC, the AM2.5 improperly partitioned the net radiation, with the latent heat showing positive bias and sensible heat showing negative bias. The AM2.5 net radiation, latent heat, and sensible heat relative to the PGF/VIC had a global negative bias of 1.42 W m(-2), positive bias of 7.8 W m(-2), and negative bias of 8.7 W m(-2), respectively. The three reanalyses show greater biases in net radiation, likely due to the deficiencies in cloud parameterizations. At a regional scale, the biases of the AM2.5 water and energy budget components are mostly comparable to the three reanalyses and PGF/VIC. While the AM2.5 well simulated the actual values of water and energy fluxes, the temporal anomaly correlations of the three reanalyses with PGF/VIC were mostly greater than the AM2.5, partly due to the ensemble mean of the AM2.5 members averaging out the intrinsic variability of the land surface fluxes. The discrepancies among land surface model simulations, reanalyses, and high-resolution climate model simulations demonstrate the challenges in estimating and evaluating land surface hydrologic fluxes at regional-to-global scales.
机译：使用校准的陆地表面模型的离线模拟评估来自大气模型兼职项目（AMIP）模拟的陆地表面水和能量通量从大气模型兼职项目（AMIP）模拟（GFDL）的高分辨率气候模型（AM2.5）。 [普林斯顿全球迫使（PGF）/ VIC]并与三次重新分析数据集（ERA-INSERIM / LAND和CFSR）相互划分。使用PGF / VIC作为参考，AM2.5沉淀，蒸发蒸腾和径流显示为0.44,0.27和0.15毫米（-1）的全局正偏压。对于能源预算，而AM2.5净辐射与PGF / VIC非常吻合，AM2.5不当地分区净辐射，潜热显示出正偏压和明智的热量，显示出负偏差。相对于PGF / VIC的AM2.5净辐射，潜热和明智的热量具有1.42Wm（-2）的全局负偏差，阳性偏差为7.8W m（-2），以及8.7 w的负偏差分别为m（-2）。三个Reanalyses在净辐射中显示出更大的偏差，这可能是由于云参数化的缺陷。在区域规模，AM2.5水和能量预算成分的偏差大多与三个Reanalyses和PGF / VIC相媲美。虽然AM2.5井模拟了水和能量通量的实际值，但PGF / VIC的三个Reanalyses的时间异常相关性大多大于AM2.5，部分原因是AM2.5成员平均的集合均值造出陆地表面通量的固有变异性。土地面积模型模拟，Reanalyses和高分辨率气候模型模拟的差异证明了在区域 - 全球范围内估算和评估土地水表助势的挑战。

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