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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Invertebrate Pathology >Which came first: The disease or the pest? Is there a host mediated spread of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) by invasive palm pests?
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Which came first: The disease or the pest? Is there a host mediated spread of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) by invasive palm pests?

机译：首先出现：疾病或害虫？ 通过侵入性棕榈害虫，Beauveria Bassiana（Ascomycota：Dencroales）是有宿主介导的传播吗？

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摘要

The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is threatening the palm family worldwide, causing important economic losses. Current tactics to manage the weevil are largely based on chemical control, although the use of pesticides is hampered by several environmental constraints. Since the first introduction of RPW in Spain in 1996 and during its progressive spread around the Mediterranean basin, the number of reports of natural infection of RPW populations by entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) has been rising for 15 years, and this rise could support a pest-mediated EPF spread. To challenge this hypothesis, we assessed the usefulness of the region of elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-alpha), Bloc nuclear intergenic region (Bloc) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, alone or in combination, to infer the relationships among Mediterranean Beauveria and Metarhizium strains isolated from the RPW. Second, the effect of abiotic factors, such as temperature, humidity and UV-B radiation, on the germination and growth of these EPFs strains as a function of their genealogy and geographic origin were determined. Finally, the pathogenicity of strains from different genetic clades was evaluated against larvae and adults of R. ferrugineus. The phylogenetic analysis based on the EF-1 alpha gene identified eight different sequences among 24 fungal isolates of four fungal species. Similar clades were clustered when Bloc and ISSR analyses were performed. The results showed that strains of different origins were clustered in the same Glade, and this outcome could be explained by an RPW-mediated EPF spread that was also influenced by time, geographical and other RPW related factors. Neither the response to abiotic factors nor virulence to RPW larvae and adults were related to the sequence type, with all B. bassiana strains well adapted to Mediterraneam climatic conditions. Taken together, these findings may help to select the best strain for RPW management.
机译：红棕榈威尔（RPW）rhynchophorus ferrugineus（olivier）（植物甾粒：Curculionidae）威胁着全世界的棕榈属性，造成了重要的经济损失。目前管理象鼻虫的策略主要基于化学控制，尽管杀虫剂的使用受到几种环境限制的阻碍。自1996年西班牙首次引入RPW以来，在地中海盆地逐步传播期间，昆虫致病真菌（EPF）对RPW种群的自然感染报告的数量持续了15年，这一增长可以支持害虫 - 介绍的EPF传播。为了挑战这一假设，我们评估了伸长因子1-α（EF1-α），Bloc核基因组（Bloc）和单独的简单序列重复（ISSR）标记，单独或组合地区的有用性以推断这种关系在地中海嗜血藻和从RPW隔离的Metarhizium菌株中。其次，反对非生物因子的影响，例如温度，湿度和UV-B辐射，对这些EPFS菌株的萌发和生长作为它们的族学和地理来源的函数。最后，对来自不同遗传分类的菌株的致病性对R.Ferrugineus的幼虫和成人进行了评价。基于EF-1α基因的系统发育分析鉴定了四种真菌物种的24例真菌分离物中的八种不同序列。在进行Bloc和ISSR分析时，聚类类似的曲巾。结果表明，不同起源的菌株在相同的沼泽中聚集，并且可以通过RPW介导的EPF扩展来解释这种结果，该EPF差异也受到时间，地理和其他RPW相关因素的影响。对非生物因子的反应既不与RPW幼虫和成人的毒力与序列型有关，所有B.Bassiana菌株都适应Mediterraneam气候条件。在一起，这些发现可能有助于为RPW管理选择最佳应变。

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