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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Low Power Electronics >Exploiting Speculation Cost Prediction in Power-Aware Applications
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Exploiting Speculation Cost Prediction in Power-Aware Applications

机译：利用动力感知应用程序的推测成本预测

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Branch prediction is essential in modern high-performance processors. Unfortunately, mispredictions are inevitable and cost energy. We study branch mispredictions and show that there are a few high-cost mispredictions that account for most of the cost. We show that a low-cost branch instruction tends to remain low-cost in future reappearances. We exploit this predictability and introduce a simple yet efficient cost predictor that identifies low-cost branch instructions with an accuracy above 93%. We use our findings and introduce two cost-aware power optimizations. First we introduce cost-aware branch prediction. In cost-aware branch prediction we exploit a simple low-power predictor for low-cost branch instructions and leave the more complex and energy hungry predictor for branch instructions with higher costs. On average, we reduce branch predictor access frequency up to 59% with a maximum performance loss of 0.23%. This results in up to 14% branch predictor energy reduction. Second we introduce cost-aware checkpointing. In cost-aware checkpointing, we use an aggressive and fast recovery mechanism only for high-cost branches. For low-cost branches we use a slower but more power efficient mechanism. On average, we reduce RAT access frequency (up to 69%) and power dissipation (up to 25.1%) for processors with different number of recovery buffer entries. By using recovery resources more efficiently we also improve overall processor performance (up to 20%).
机译：分支预测对于现代高性能处理器至关重要。不幸的是，错误预测是不可避免的和成本的能源。我们研究分支机构错误预测，并表明有一些高成本的错误预测，占大部分成本。我们表明，在未来的重新出现中，低成本的分支指令往往保持低成本。我们利用这种可预测性并引入简单但有效的成本预测因子，可识别低成本分支指令，精度高于93％。我们使用我们的调查结果并介绍了两种成本感知电源优化。首先，我们引入成本感知分支预测。在成本感知的分支预测中，我们利用用于低成本分支指令的简单低功耗预测器，并为具有更高成本的分支指令留下更复杂和能量的饥饿预测器。平均而言，我们将分支预测因子接入频率降低至59％，最大性能损失为0.23％。这导致高达14％的分支预测值能量减少。第二我们介绍了成本感知检查点。在成本感知检查点，我们仅对高成本分支使用攻击性和快速恢复机制。对于低成本的分支，我们使用较慢但更多的功率有效的机制。平均而言，对于具有不同恢复缓冲区条目的处理器，我们将大鼠访问频率（高达69％）和功耗（最多25.1％）降低（最多25.1％）。通过更有效地使用恢复资源，我们还可以提高整体处理器性能（高达20％）。

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