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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Medical Entomology >Impact of West Nile Virus on Bird Populations: Limited Lasting Effects, Evidence for Recovery, and Gaps in Our Understanding of Impacts on Ecosystems
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Impact of West Nile Virus on Bird Populations: Limited Lasting Effects, Evidence for Recovery, and Gaps in Our Understanding of Impacts on Ecosystems

机译：西尼罗病毒对鸟类种群的影响：持久效果有限，恢复证据以及我们对生态系统的影响的理解中的差距

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The introduction of West Nile virus to North America in 1999 had profound impacts on human and wildlife health. Here, we review studies of WNV impacts on bird populations and find that overall impacts have been less than initially anticipated, with few species showing sustained changes in population size or demographic rates across multiple regions. This raises four questions: 1) What is the evidence for WNV impact on bird populations and how can we strengthen future analyses? We argue that future studies of WNV impacts should explicitly incorporate temporal variation in WNV transmission intensity, integrate field data with laboratory experimental infection studies, and correct for multiple comparisons. 2) What mechanisms might explain the relatively modest impact of WNV on most bird populations? We suggest that spatial and temporal variation in WNV transmission moderates WNV impacts on species that occur in multiple habitats, some of which provide refugia from infection. 3) Have species recovered from the initial invasion of WNV? We find evidence that many species and populations have recovered from initial WNV impact, but a few have not. 4) Did WNV cause cascading effects on other species and ecosystems? Unfortunately, few studies have examined the cascading effects of WNV population declines, but evidence suggests that some species may have been released from predation or competition. We close by discussing potentially overlooked groups of birds that may have been affected by WNV, and one highlight species, the yellow-billed magpie (Pica nutalli Audubon, 1837 [Passeriformes: Corvidae]), that appears to have suffered the largest range-wide impact from WNV.
机译：1999年西尼罗河对北美的引入对人类和野生动物健康产生了深远的影响。在这里，我们审查了对鸟类群体的WNV影响的研究，发现整体影响少于最初预期，很少有几种物种，跨越多个地区的人口规模或人口率的持续变化。这提出了四个问题：1）WNV对鸟类人群的影响是什么证据，以及我们如何加强未来的分析？我们认为，WNV影响的未来研究应明确地纳入WNV传输强度的时间变化，将现场数据与实验室实验性感染研究集成，并纠正多种比较。 2）哪些机制可能解释WNV在大多数鸟类上的相对适度的影响？我们表明WNV传播中的空间和时间变异适度影响多种栖息地发生的物种，其中一些来自感染的难民。 3）从WNV的初始入侵中恢复物种吗？我们发现有证据表明许多物种和人群从最初的WNV影响中恢复过来，但少数人没有。 4）WNV是否导致对其他物种和生态系统的级联影响？遗憾的是，很少有研究已经研究了WNV人口歧视的级联影响，但证据表明某些物种可能已从捕食或竞争中释放。我们关闭讨论可能受到WNV影响的潜在忽视的鸟类，以及一个突出的物种，黄嘴鹊（Pica Nutalli Audubon，1837 [Passeriformes：Corvidae]），似乎遭受了最大范围来自WNV的影响。

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