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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Avian Biology >Effects of body size, sex, parental care and moult strategies on auk diving behaviour outside the breeding season
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Effects of body size, sex, parental care and moult strategies on auk diving behaviour outside the breeding season

机译：身体大小，性别，父母护理和换液对繁殖季外Auk潜水行为的影响

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摘要

Information on seabird foraging behaviour outside the breeding season is currently limited. This knowledge gap is critical as this period is energetically demanding due to post-fledging parental care, feather moult and changing environmental conditions. Based on species' body size, post-fledging parental strategy and primary moult schedule we tested predictions for key aspects of foraging behaviour (maximum dive depth (MDD), daily time submerged (DTS) and diurnal dive activity (DDA)) using dive depth data collected from three seabird species (common guillemot Uria aalge, razorbill Alca torda and Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica) from the end of the breeding season (July) to mid-winter (January). We found partial support for predictions associated with body size; guillemots had greater MDD than razorbills but MDD did not differ between razorbills and puffins, despite the former being 35% heavier. In accordance with sexual monomorphism in all three species, MDD did not differ overall between the sexes. However, in guillemots and razorbills there were sex-specific differences, such that male guillemots made deeper dives than females, and males of both species had higher DTS. In contrast, there were no marked sex differences in dive behaviour of puffins in July and August in accordance with their lack of post-fledging parental care and variable moult schedule. We found support for the prediction that diving effort would be greater in mid-winter compared to the period after the breeding season. Despite reduced daylight in mid-winter, this increase in DTS occurred predominantly during the day and only guillemots appeared to dive nocturnally to any great extent. In comparison to diving behaviour of these species recorded during the breeding season, MDD was shallower and DTS was greater during the non-breeding period. Such differences in diving behaviour during the post-breeding period are relevant when identifying potential energetic bottlenecks, known to be key drivers of seabird population dynamics.
机译：关于繁殖季外海鸟觅食行为的信息目前有限。这种知识差距是至关重要的，因为由于剩余后父母护理，羽毛换羽和改变环境条件，这一时期是充满活力的要求。基于物种的体型，剩余后父母策略和主要粉碎时间表我们使用潜水深度的觅食行为的关键方面（最大潜水深度（MDD），日常淹没（DTS）和昼夜潜水活动（DDA））测试预测从繁殖季节（7月）到冬季（1月）的繁殖季节，从三个海鸟物种（共同的Guillemot UriaAalge，Razorbill Alca Torda和Atlantic Puffin Fratercula Arctica）收集的数据。我们发现部分支持与体尺寸相关的预测;由于前者较为35％，MDD在Razorbills和Puffins之间没有差异，MDD没有差异。根据所有三种物种的性单组态，MDD在性别之间没有差异。然而，在Guillemots和Razorbills中存在性别特异性差异，使男性恐吓比女性更深入，而且两种物种的男性具有更高的DTS。相比之下，七月和八月在缺乏剩余的父母护理和可变换羽时刻没有明显的性别差异。我们找到了对预测的支持，即在冬季期间潜水努力将更大的预测与繁殖季节之后的时期相比。尽管在冬季中冬季减少了日光，但DTS的这种增加主要发生在白天，只有孕率似乎在很大程度上潜入。与繁殖季节记录的这些物种的潜水行为相比，MDD在非育种期间较浅，DTS更大。在育种期间潜水行为的这种差异在识别潜在的能量瓶颈时是相关的，该瓶颈被称为海鸟人口动态的关键驱动因素。

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