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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Morphology >Intraspecific developmental variation in the life cycle of the Andean Treefrog ( Boana riojana Boana riojana ): A temporal analysis
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Intraspecific developmental variation in the life cycle of the Andean Treefrog ( Boana riojana Boana riojana ): A temporal analysis

机译：Andean Treefrog（Boana Riojana Boana Riojana）生命周期内的内部发育变异：时间分析

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Abstract Intraspecific variation during the anuran larval period has been analyzed mainly in relation to the timing of metamorphosis and body size at metamorphosis. However, other traits may vary as well. We examined two developmental series of Boana riojana from the same population in two consecutive years and describe intraspecific variation in larvae of this species. We discuss how variation, if present, may influence its life cycle. We found that both larval series differed in the larval period length, one twice as long as the other. This variation primarily depended on when breeding occurred, metamorphosis was achieved during late spring in both generations and at similar sizes, and only the rate of larval development during premetamorphosis varied extensively between years. This is consistent with thyroid gland activity because when it became active the developmental trajectory became more canalized. No variation of staging sequence occurred in relation to the different durations of the larval period. However, in the long‐lasting series we found two different morphs. Also, integument, thyroid gland, skeleton, and testis differentiation events occurred at the same developing stages. In contrast, ovarian differentiation proceeded at the same absolute age in both series. Sexual dimorphism becomes evident within the year after metamorphosis. The intraspecific heterochrony that we describe for the larval development of B. riojana does not lead to phenotypic variation at the end of metamorphosis. We discuss the importance of analyzing growth and development independently. Each proceeds differently in time, but with an interdependence at some point, because size and shape do not vary at the end of metamorphosis.
机译：摘要南鲁拉幼虫期间的内部变异主要是与变态性变态和体型的时序相关的分析。然而，其他特征也可能变化。我们连续两年从同一人群中审查了两种发展系列Boana Riojana，并描述了该物种幼虫的内部变异。我们讨论如何变化，如果存在，可能会影响其生命周期。我们发现，幼虫系列都在幼虫周期长度不同，只有一个两倍。这种变异主要取决于发生繁殖时，在几代和类似尺寸的后期春季期间实现了变态，并且只有在前一代后的幼虫发育速率在多年之间存在广泛。这与甲状腺活动一致，因为当它变得活跃时，发育轨迹变得更加压倒。没有关于幼虫周期的不同持续时间发生分期序列的变化。然而，在持久的系列中，我们发现了两种不同的变形。此外，Integument，甲状腺，骨架和睾丸分化事件发生在相同的开发阶段。相比之下，卵巢分化在两种系列中的相同绝对年龄处进行。在变态后的一年内，性别二均态变得明显。我们描述B.Riojana幼虫发育的内部异形成像不会导致变态结束时的表型变化。我们讨论了独立分析增长和发展的重要性。每个人都及时进行不同，但在某些时候有相互依赖性，因为大小和形状在变态结束时不会变化。

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