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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of periodontal research >To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site‐specific analyses in a population‐based study
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To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site‐specific analyses in a population‐based study

机译：吸烟在多大程度上会影响对Supricalival斑块的牙龈出血反应？ 基于人口的研究中特异性分析

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Abstract Background and objective The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of smoking on the site‐specific association between bleeding on gingival probing and supragingival plaque and to assess whether this differs in different regions of the dentition. Methods Data from a representative sample of 1911 adults (20‐79?years old) in Northern Norway were analyzed. Periodontal examinations consisted of full‐mouth recordings of periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and presence of supragingival plaque. Smoking status and background characteristics were self‐reported by questionnaire. The association between plaque and BOP was assessed in several three‐level (subject, tooth, and site) random intercept logistic regression models adjusted for PD, smoking status, socioeconomic factors, and body mass index. In a further model, it was assessed whether the association between supragingival plaque and BOP differed in different parts of the dentition. Results For plaque‐free sites, bleeding tendency was lower in smokers, the odds ratio (OR) was 0.773 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.678‐0.881 as compared to non‐smokers (OR: 1; ref., P ??.001). The odds of BOP at plaque‐covered sites in non‐smokers were increased twofold (OR: 2.117; 2.059‐2.177). Albeit bleeding tendency was slightly increased in plaque‐covered sites in smokers, it was considerably lower as compared to plaque‐covered sites in non‐smokers (OR: 1.459; 1.282‐1.662, P ??.001). Smoking?≥?20 pack‐years further attenuated the association. In smokers, the odds of BOP were reduced in all parts of the dentition, lower and upper anterior and posterior teeth ( χ ( 4 ) 2 = 32.043, P ??.001). When restricting the data to younger adults (20‐34?year old), smoking had only a slight effect on the association between plaque and BOP. For plaque‐free and plaque‐covered sites, differences in ORs were not statistically noticeable ( P ?=?.221 and P ?=?.235, respectively). Conclusions Smoking considerably attenuates the site‐specific association between plaque and BOP with a dose‐dependent effect. The effect of smoking did not differ across tooth types.
机译：摘要背景和目的这项研究的目的是调查吸烟对牙龈出血之间的特异性关联的影响，并评估这是否与牙列的不同地区不同。方法分析了1911年成年人代表性样本的数据（20-79？岁月）在挪威北部的北部。牙周检查包括牙周探测深度（PD）的全口记录，探测（BOP）出血，以及Suprictival斑块的存在。抽烟状态和背景特征是通过调查问卷自我报告的。在几种三级（受试者，牙齿和现场）随机拦截逻辑回归模型中评估了斑块和BOP之间的关联，调整了PD，吸烟状态，社会经济因素和体重指数。在进一步的模型中，评估了对牙列的不同部位的Supritical斑块和BOP之间的关联是否不同。没有吸烟者的无斑节位点的结果，吸烟者的出血趋势较低，与非吸烟者（或：1; Ref.，P 1; Ref.，P 1; Ref.，P 1。 ？.001）。在非吸烟者中斑块覆盖位点的BOP的几率增加了双重（或：2.117; 2.059-2.177）。在吸烟者的斑块覆盖的位点中虽然出血倾向略有增加，但与非吸烟者中的斑块覆盖的位点相比，它相当较低（或：1.459; 1.282-1.662，p≤001）。吸烟？≥20包 - 年进一步减弱了该协会。在吸烟者中，牙列，下前前齿和上牙的所有部分（χ（4）2 = 32.043，p≤001）中，BOP的几率都减少了减少了当将数据限制为年轻人（20-34岁）时，吸烟只对斑块和投射之间的关联略微影响。对于无斑块和斑块覆盖的位点，差异或在统计学上没有统计学意见（p？=Δ.221和p？= 235）。结论吸烟显着减弱了斑块和斑块之间的特异性特异性关联，具有剂量依赖性作用。吸烟的效果在牙齿类型上没有不同。

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