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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of personality and social psychology >Perceiving Happiness in an Intergroup Context: The Role of Race and Attention to the Eyes in Differentiating Between True and False Smiles
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Perceiving Happiness in an Intergroup Context: The Role of Race and Attention to the Eyes in Differentiating Between True and False Smiles

机译：在互动的环境中感知幸福：种族和注意眼睛的角色区分真实和假笑

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The present research comprises six experiments that investigated racial biases in the perception of positive emotional expressions. In an initial study, we demonstrated that White participants distinguished more in their happiness ratings of Duchenne ("true") and non-Duchenne ("false") smiles on White compared with Black faces (Experiment 1). In a subsequent study we replicated this effect using a different set of stimuli and non-Black participants (Experiment 2). As predicted, this bias was not demonstrated by Black participants, who did not significantly differ in happiness ratings between smile types on White and Black faces (Experiment 3). Furthermore, in addition to happiness ratings, we demonstrated that non-Black participants were also more accurate when categorizing true versus false expressions on White compared with Black faces (Experiment 4). The final two studies provided evidence for the mediating role of attention to the eyes in intergroup emotion identification. In particular, eye tracking data indicated that White participants spent more time attending to the eyes of White than Black faces and that attention to the eyes predicted biases in happiness ratings between true and false smiles on White and Black faces (Experiment 5). Furthermore, an experimental manipulation focusing participants on the eyes of targets eliminated the effects of target race or perceptions of happiness (Experiment 6). Together, the findings provide novel evidence for racial biases in the identification of positive emotions and highlight the critical role of visual attention in this process.
机译：本研究包括六个实验，调查了对积极情绪表达的感知的种族偏见。在一个初步的研究中，我们展示了白色参与者在杜松尼的幸福评级（“真实”）和非杜鹃（“假”）与黑色面孔相比（实验1）相比，白杜顿（“假”）。在随后的研究中，我们使用不同的刺激和非黑色参与者（实验2）来复制这种效果。如预测，黑人参与者未能证明这一偏见，在白色和黑色面孔之间的微笑类型之间没有显着差异（实验3）。此外，除了幸福评级之外，我们还表明，与黑面（实验4）相比，在白色的误报上对白色进行了对误报性表达式进行了较为准确的。最后两项研究提供了对关注在杂交情绪鉴定中的眼睛的调解作用的证据。特别地，眼睛跟踪数据表明，白人参与者在白色和黑色脸上的真实和假笑容之间的幸福评级中的偏差预测眼睛的眼睛比黑色面孔更多地参加白人参与者更多的时间。此外，对参与者对目标眼睛的实验操纵消除了目标种族或对幸福感的影响（实验6）。在一起，调查结果在鉴定积极情绪中为种族偏见提供了新的证据，并突出了这种过程中视觉注意的关键作用。

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