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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of personality and social psychology >Demeaning: Dehumanizing Others by Minimizing the Importance of Their Psychological Needs
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Demeaning: Dehumanizing Others by Minimizing the Importance of Their Psychological Needs

机译：贬低：通过最大限度地减少他们的心理需求的重要性来解决他人的疏忽

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We document a tendency to demean others' needs: believing that psychological needs-those requiring mental capacity, and hence more uniquely human (e.g., need for meaning and autonomy)-are relatively less important to others compared with physical needs-those shared with other biological agents, and hence more animalistic (e.g., need for food and sleep). Because valuing psychological needs requires a sophisticated humanlike mind, agents presumed to have relatively weaker mental capacities should also be presumed to value psychological needs less compared with biological needs. Supporting this, our studies found that people demeaned the needs of nonhuman animals (e.g., chimpanzees) and historically dehumanized groups (e.g., drug addicts) more than the needs of close friends or oneself (Studies 1 and 3). Because mental capacities are more readily recognized through introspection than by external observation, people also demean peers' needs more than their own, inferring that one's own behavior is guided more strongly by psychological needs than identical behavior in others (Study 4). Two additional experiments suggest that demeaning could be a systematic error (Studies 5 and 6), as charity donors and students underestimated the importance of homeless people's psychological (vs. physical) needs compared with self-reports and choices from homeless people. Underestimating the importance of others' psychological needs could impair the ability to help others. These experiments indicate that demeaning is a unique facet of dehumanization reflecting a reliable, consequential, and potentially mistaken understanding of others' minds.
机译：我们记录了贬低其他人需求的倾向：相信那些需要心理能力的心理需求，以及更为独特的人（例如，需要意义和自主权） - 与其他人相比，与其他人相比，与其他人相比生物药剂，因此更多的动物（例如，需要食物和睡眠）。因为有价值的心理需求需要复杂的人类心灵，所以应该推定出现在与生物需求相比减少的价值对心理需求相对较弱的心理能力。支持这一点，我们的研究发现人们贬低了非人类动物的需求（例如，黑猩猩）和历史上除去的群体（例如，吸毒成瘾者）的需求超过了亲密朋友或自己的需求（研究1和3）。由于心理能力通过内省更容易认识到外部观察，因此人们也以勒索同伴的需求多于自己的需求，推断一个人自己的行为是由心理需求更强烈地引导的，而不是其他人的行为（研究4）。另外两项实验表明，贬低可能是一个系统的错误（第5和第6和第6页），因为慈善捐助者和学生低估了无家可归者心理（与物理）需求的重要性，与无家可归者的自我报告和选择。低估他人的重要性心理需求可能损害帮助他人的能力。这些实验表明，贬低是脱储的独特方面，反映了对他人思想的可靠，后果和可能误认为是对其别人的理解。

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