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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP >State Health Officials: Backgrounds and Qualifications
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State Health Officials: Backgrounds and Qualifications

机译：国家卫生官员：背景和资格

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Context: State health officials (SHOs), the executive and administrative leaders of state public health, play a key role in policy development, must be versed in the relevant/current evidence, and provide expertise about health issues to the legislature and the governor. Objective: To provide an empirical examination of SHO backgrounds and qualifications over time. Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross-sectional survey of current/former SHOs. Main Outcome Measures: State health official educational backgrounds; public health experience; previous employment setting. Results: Two-thirds of respondents (64.6%) reported having a medical degree, approximately half (48.3%) a formal public health degree, and almost one-quarter (21.8%) a management degree. The majority had governmental public health experience at some prior point in their career (70.0%). Almost two-thirds worked in governmental public health immediately before becoming an SHO. The proportion that was female increased significantly by decade from 5.6% in the 1970s/80s to 46.4% in the 2010s ( P = .02). Conclusions: The main finding from this study shows that more than two-thirds of SHOs have had governmental public health experience at some point in their career. This is not a new trend as there were no statistical differences in public health experience by decade. More than half of the SHOs were appointed to the role directly from governmental public health, indicating that their public health experience is timely and likely germane to their appointment as SHO. Findings also indicate improvements in gender diversity among one of the most influential leadership roles in governmental public health whereas significant changes in racial and ethnic diversity were not identified. Women are increasingly being appointed as SHOs, indicating increasing gender diversity in this influential position. Given that governmental public health employees are predominantly women, there is still room for gender equity improvements in executive leadership roles. This is coupled with the need for further racial and ethnic diversity improvements as well.
机译：背景论国家卫生官员（SHOS），国家公共卫生的行政和行政领导人在政策制定中发挥关键作用，必须在相关/现有证据中宣传，并为立法机关和州长提供关于卫生问题的专业知识。目的：随着时间的推移提供对Sho背景和资格的实证检查。设计，设置和参与者：当前/前士的横断面调查。主要观察措施：国家卫生官方教育背景;公共卫生经验;以前的就业设置。结果：有三分之二的受访者（64.6％）报告的医疗学位，大约一半（48.3％）正式的公共卫生学位，近四分之一（21.8％）管理学位。大多数人在其职业生涯中的一些前一点（70.0％）有政府公共卫生经验。在成为一个笑之前，几乎三分之二在政府公共健康中工作。女性的比例在20世纪70年代/ 80年代中的5.6％增加到2010年的5.6％至46.4％（P = .02）。结论：本研究的主要发现表明，超过三分之二的SHOS在其职业生涯中有一些政府公共卫生经验。这不是一个新的趋势，因为十年的公共卫生经验没有统计差异。超过一半的士兵被任命为直接从政府公共卫生的角色，表明他们的公共卫生经验是及时而有可能的善良的佳明。调查结果还表明政府公共卫生最具影响力的领导作用之一的性别多样性的改善，而没有确定种族和种族多样性的重大变化。妇女越来越多地被任命为SHOS，表明在这种有影响力的位置增加了性别多样性。鉴于政府公共卫生员工主要是妇女，仍然存在性别股权在执行领导职位方面的余地。这与进一步种族和族裔多样性的需求相结合。

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