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A study on oxygen consumption mechanism of air-foam flooding in low-temperature oil reservoir

机译：低温油藏空气泡沫洪水氧气消耗机制研究

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Air flooding/air-foam flooding recovery technology has been attracting attention in oilfield development. The key point to the application of this technology is to ensure that the oxygen injected with the air can be fully dissipated inside the reservoir to lower the explosion risk in production wells and reduce the oxidation of the pipeline. It is generally believed that the oxygen and crude oil can react more in low-temperature-oxidation (LTO) reactions above 80 degrees C. As a large amount of oxygen would be spontaneously consumed at this temperature, this technology is mainly used in reservoirs where the temperature is greater than 80 degrees C. In the fractured low-permeability reservoir of China's Yanchang oilfield, where the reservoir temperature is only approximately 30 degrees C, a wide range of crude oil LTO would not be triggered theoretically. However, we found that the oxygen content of the associated gas in the gas channeling wells is significantly lower than that in the air. This phenomenon suggests that, there are other factors that could consume oxygen apart from the LTO reaction. To verify this assumption, an oxygen dissipation core flooding experiment at 30 degrees C and 80 degrees C was carried out to evaluate the oxygen consumption at different temperatures. At the same time, in order to determine the main controlling factors and dissipation mechanisms of oxygen dissipation, theoretical analyses and experimental studies were carried out from the aspects of reductive mineral oxidation reaction in the rock surface and formation water, the physical absorption of the micropore and the dissolution of the reservoir fluid. The results show that at the same experimental conditions, the oxygen consumption at 30 degrees C is 38.14% lower than that at 80 degrees C. The oxygen consumption factors in the low-temperature reservoir mainly include the chemical reactions between the oxygen and reducing minerals, dissolution and retention of formation water and oil, adsorption of Van der Waals forces in the reservoir and physical electronic adsorption of the hydrogen-sulfur bonds and carbon-sulfur bonds. In Chang 6 Reservoir of Ganguyi oilfield, formation water could theoretically consume 56 mg/L (1.75 mmol/L) oxygen through dissolved Fe2+. The dissolution by formation water could absorb 11.85 mmol/L oxygen (experimental value). The dissolution by oil could absorb 69.25 mmol/L oxygen (experimental test value), and the oxygen physical adsorption rate of rock pore surface was 1.26 mmol/L. Together with the pilot test data, the results show that the LTO reaction of the stratum crude oil barely occurs in the reservoir at low temperature (30 degrees C). However, a large amount of oxygen dissipation could still be achieved. This study demonstrates that air-foam flooding could break the applicable limit temperature and could also be applied in low-temperature reservoirs.
机译：空气洪水/空气泡沫洪水恢复技术在油田开发中一直引起关注。该技术应用的关键点是确保注入空气的氧气可以在储层内部散发出来，以降低生产井中的爆炸风险并减少管道的氧化。通常认为氧气和原油可以在80℃以上的低温氧化（LTO）反应中更新。随着大量氧气将在该温度下自发消耗，该技术主要用于储层温度大于80℃。在中国延长油田的骨折低渗透储层中，储层温度仅为约30摄氏度，理论上不会引发广泛的原油LTO。然而，我们发现，气体沟槽孔中相关气体的氧含量显着低于空气中的氧气。这种现象表明，还有其他因素可以从LTO反应中消耗氧气。为了验证这种假设，进行了3​​0摄氏度和80℃的氧耗散核心泛洪实验，以评估不同温度的氧气消耗。同时，为了确定氧耗散的主要控制因素和耗散机制，从岩石表面和地层水中的还原矿物氧化反应的方面进行理论分析和实验研究，微孔的物理吸收和储层液体的溶解。结果表明，在相同的实验条件下，30摄氏度的氧气消耗比80℃下的38.14％低38.14％。低温储层中的氧气消耗因子主要包括氧气和还原矿物质之间的化学反应，形成水和油的溶解和保留，在储层和物理电子吸附氢硫键和碳 - 硫键的物理电子吸附中的吸附和保留。在甘格地油田的常6储存器中，地层水可能通过溶解Fe2 +理论上消耗56mg / L（1.75mmol / L）氧气。通过地层水的溶解可以吸收11.85mmol / L氧（实验值）。油的溶解可以吸收69.25mmol / L氧（实验试验值），岩石孔表面的氧气吸附速率为1.26mmol / L.结果与试验数据一起，结果表明，在低温（30℃）下，地层原油的LTO反应几乎发生在贮存器中。然而，仍然可以实现大量的氧耗散。本研究表明，空气泡沫洪水可能会破坏适用的极限温度，也可以应用于低温储层。

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