Individual Differences in Personality Associated with Aggressive Behavior among Adolescents Referred for Externalizing Behavior Problems

Gian Vittorio Caprara; Maria Gerbino; Enrico Perinelli; Guido Alessandri; Carlo Lenti; Mauro Walder; Cecilia Elena Preda; Emilio Brunati; Gianluca Marchesini; Alessandra Tiberti; Umberto Balottin; Laura Nonini; Giovanni De Girolamo; Corrado Meraviglia; Daniela Gianatti; Lucrezia Libera; Ottaviano Martinelli; Patrizia Steca; Dario Monzani; Massimo Molteni; Maria Nobile

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Individual Differences in Personality Associated with Aggressive Behavior among Adolescents Referred for Externalizing Behavior Problems

机译：与外部化行为问题的青少年之间具有侵略性行为相关的个性差异

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Abstract The present study examined the extent to which individual differences in personality that have been previously associated with aggression in non-clinical subjects (Caprara et al., European Journal of Personality, 27 (3), 290–303, 2013, Caprara et al., Developmental Psychology, 50 (1), 71–85, 2014) account for aggression among adolescents referred to psychiatric services with diagnosis within the externalizing spectrum (i.e., conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). In particular a conceptual model was examined in which individual differences in basic traits (i.e., emotional instability and agreeableness), lower order traits (i.e., irritability and hostile rumination), and social cognitive mechanisms (i.e., moral disengagement) account for aggressive behavior. One hundred and nine adolescents (81 males, 74.3%), ranging in age from 11 to 18 ( M = 13.83, SD = 1.70) and referred to psychiatric services for the above diagnoses, participated at the study. Adolescents filled in questionnaires measuring the Big Five traits, as well as irritability, hostile rumination, and moral disengagement; their parents filled in the Child Behavior Checklist to assess children’s aggressive behavior. Findings corroborated the posited pattern of relations previously found in non-clinical samples. In accordance with those findings, moral disengagement largely mediated the association between traits and aggressive behavior. The model explained a significant portion of variance in aggressive behavior. As a novelty, findings showed a direct association between emotional instability and aggressive behavior, pointing to the major relevance of emotional disregulation in adolescents referred for externalizing problem behaviors in comparison to non-clinical adolescents.

机译：摘要本研究检测了先前与非临床主题侵略相关的个性差异（Caprara等人，欧洲人格杂志，27（3），290-303,2013，Caprara等人。，发育心理学，50（1），71-85,2014）占对外化谱（即进行疾病，对抗缺陷障碍和注意力缺陷多动障碍）的诊断青少年之间的侵略。特别地，研究了一种概念模型，其中基本特征的个体差异（即情绪不稳定和令人愉快的协议），较低的订单性状（即烦躁和敌对谣言），以及社会认知机制（即道德脱离）占积极行为的侵略性。一百九个青少年（81名男性，74.3％），年龄为11至18岁（M = 13.83，SD = 1.70）并提到上述诊断的精神病服务，参加了该研究。填写问卷调查的青少年，测量大五个特征，以及烦躁，敌对探索和道德脱离;他们的父母填补了孩子行为清单，以评估儿童的侵略行为。调查结果证实了在非临床样本中发现的先前发现的定位模式。根据这些调查结果，道德脱离在很大程度上介导特质和侵略性行为之间的关联。该模型解释了侵略性行为的重要方差。作为一种新颖性，调查结果表明情绪不稳定和侵略性行为之间的直接关联，指出与非临床青少年相比，对外化问题行为的青少年情绪减轻的主要相关性。

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《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》 |2017年第4期|共13页
作者
Gian Vittorio Caprara; Maria Gerbino; Enrico Perinelli; Guido Alessandri; Carlo Lenti; Mauro Walder; Cecilia Elena Preda; Emilio Brunati; Gianluca Marchesini; Alessandra Tiberti; Umberto Balottin; Laura Nonini; Giovanni De Girolamo; Corrado Meraviglia; Daniela Gianatti; Lucrezia Libera; Ottaviano Martinelli; Patrizia Steca; Dario Monzani; Massimo Molteni; Maria Nobile;
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作者单位

Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome;

Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome;

Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome;

Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome;

Child Neuropsychiatric Clinic Ospedale San Paolo University of Milan;

Child Neuropsychiatric Clinic Ospedale San Paolo University of Milan;

Child Neuropsychiatric Clinic Ospedale San Paolo University of Milan;

Ospedale Niguarda;

Ospedale Niguarda;

Department of Childhood and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Spedali Civili;

Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry University of Pavia;

Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry University of Pavia;

Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli;

Department of Childhood and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Ospedale della Valtellina e Valchiavenna;

Department of Childhood and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Ospedale della Valtellina e Valchiavenna;

Department of Childhood and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Ospedale della Valtellina e Valchiavenna;

Department of Childhood and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Ospedale della Provincia di Lecco;

Department of Psychology Bicocca University of Milan;

Department of Psychology Bicocca University of Milan;

Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea;

Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea;

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正文语种 eng
中图分类神经病学与精神病学;
关键词
Personality traits; Irritability; Hostile rumination; Moral disengagement; Externalizing behavior problems;

机译：人格特征;烦躁;敌对谣言;道德脱离;外化行为问题;

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1. Individual Differences in Personality Associated with Aggressive Behavior among Adolescents Referred for Externalizing Behavior Problems [J] . Gian Vittorio Caprara, Maria Gerbino, Enrico Perinelli, Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment . 2017,第4期

机译：与外部化行为问题的青少年之间具有侵略性行为相关的个性差异
2. Externalized aggressive behaviors in patients with borderline personality symptomatology [J] . SansoneR.A., LeungJ.S., WiedermanM.W. Southern Medical Journal . 2013,第2期

机译：边缘型人格症状患者的外在攻击行为
3. Nonshared Environmental Mediation of the Association Between Deviant Peer Affiliation and Adolescent Externalizing Behaviors Over Time: Results From a Cross-Lagged Monozygotic Twin Differences Design [J] . Burt SA, McGue M, Iacono WG Developmental psychology . 2009,第6期

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4. Problematic Texting Behaviors: Individual Differences in Personality [C] . Bradford L. Schroeder, Valerie K. Sims Human Factors and Ergonomics Society;Human Factors and Ergonomics Society annual meeting . 2015

机译：有问题的发短信行为：个性上的个体差异
5. Cognitive-behavioral treatment for court-referred and self-referred aggressive drivers. [D] . Galovski, Tara Ellen. 2001

机译：法庭推荐和自我推荐的好斗驾驶员的认知行为治疗。
6. Individual differences influence exercise behavior: how personality motivation and behavioral regulation vary among exercise mode preferences [O] . Allyson G. Box, Yuri Feito, Chris Brown, 2019

机译：个体差异会影响运动行为：个性动机和行为调节在运动模式偏好之间如何变化
7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. There were 12 participants in the experimental group, 7 female and 5 male, and 12 participants, 7 female and 5 male in the control group. Personal Information Form and Decision Making Style Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In order to decide on the tests to be used in the course of analyzing the data, the scores of the participant's Decision Styles Scale pre-test, which are placed primarily in the experimental and control groups, it was analyzed whether the basic expectations of parametric tests were answered. As a result of the analysis made, the scores, skewness and kurtosis coefficients obtained from the Decision Making Styles Scale were given to the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the distribution was normal in the result of Shapiro-Wilk test, in which the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of each sub-scale were ranked between -1 and +1. Participants in the experimental and control groups; homogeneity test results for decision-style pre-test measurements indicate that the data are homogeneous. According to the results of the Mauchly Globalness Test, it has been determined that working supports the hypothesis. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores obtained from dependent decision-making style of experiment and control groups, but the test group showed lower mean scores at the significant level within the scores of post-test and follow-up tests. Therefore, it can be said that the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group reduces the dependent decision-making style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions and the psychoeducation program has a lasting effect. It was determined that there was no significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores obtained from the Spontaneous-Instant Decision Style of experiment and control groups. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not cause a significant difference in the Spontaneous-Decision-Making Style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The ACT -oriented psychoeducation program had a decline in the intuitive decision-making styles of the individuals, but this decrease did not create significant differences. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not make a meaningful difference in the intuitive decision style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the KKT oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The pre-test scores obtained from the rational decision-making style of the experimental and control groups showed that there was a difference between the post-test and the follow-up scores, but this difference was not significant. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the test group had higher levels of rational decision style than the pre - test scores in the post test and follow - up scores, whereas the post test and follow - up test scores in the control group rational decision style showed a decrease compared to the pre - test scores. the pre - test scores. Decision-making Styles Scale Avoidant Decision Making As a result of the analysis of the mean scores of the subscale scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measures, the group effect was found to be insignificant. It was determined that the experimental and control groups differed significantly from the pre-test scores obtained from the avoidant decision-making style but did not show any significant change within the scores of the post-test and follow-up tests. [O] . mustafa ercengiz, ali haydar şar 2018

机译：决策是分析有关问题情况的信息并将其与特定结论进行比较的过程，以解决特定的问题（Yıkılmaz，2001; Miller和Byrnes，2001）。决策风格是一种机制，受到内部和外部条件的影响，确定个人决定的方向，决策过程的内容以及决策过程的结果（PAYNE，BETTMAN和BEDNE） Johson，1993;Bavol'ár和奥萨洛瓦，2015）。法案是认知行为治疗家庭的当代成员。行为（验收和承诺治疗）具有与行为疗法和认知疗法的类似和不同方向（Herbet和Forman，2011; Hayes，2004）。 KKT在分析行为中使用存在性和认知方法来响应古典行为治疗方法。 KKT是一个科学翼，试图解决人类问题，旨在解决有问题的人类行为（铅垂，斯图尔特，Dahl和Lundgren，2009）。有人认为，当我们国家的瞄准国家进行筛选时，有关行动方法的新方法几乎没有研究，并且认为我们的国家将为完成工作做出贡献的心理咨询领域。在研究的范围内，使用实验和对照组和初步测试，使用后测试和后续测量的2x3实验设计。该研究的研究小组包括共24名（12个实验和12个对照组）大学学生在不同的部门和水平上学习，在2015-2016学术上继续进行2015-2016的学术年度2015-2016学年年。实验和对照组参与者的平均年龄是20.实验组中有12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性，12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性。研究人员准备的个人信息表格和决策制定风格规模在研究中使用。为了决定在分析数据的过程中使用的测试，参与者的决策风格刻度预测的分数主要在实验和对照组中进行，分析了参数的基本期望吗？测试得到了回答。由于对实验和对照组给出了从决策曲调标度获得的分数，偏移和峰度分子系数。确定该分布是正常的在成熟的-WILK试验结果中，其中每亚级的偏差和刚度系数在-1到+1之间排名。实验和对照组的参与者;决策式预测测量的同质性测试结果表明数据是均匀的。根据毛毛环保试验的结果，已确定工作支持假设。据确定，从依赖决策风格的实验和对照组获得的预测分数之间没有显着差异，但测试组在测试后的分数内显示出较低的平均分数和后续的分数 - 测试。因此，可以说，应用于实验组的面向活动的心理教育程序减少了决策风格子维度的依赖决策风格分数，并且心理教育程序具有持久的效果。据确定，从实验和对照组自发决策风格获得的预测试，测试后和后续评分之间没有显着差异。因此，可以说这种情况不会导致从应用于实验组的活动导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数的自发决策风格分数显着差异。行为的心理教育计划在个人直观的决策风格下降，但这种减少并没有产生显着的差异。因此，可以说，这种情况不会在从应用于实验组的KKT导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数中产生有意义的决策风格分数。从实验和对照组的理性决策风格获得的预测分数显示后检验后和随访评分之间存在差异，但这种差异并不重要。由于分析，确定测试组的理性决策风格较高，而不是后测试和后续分数的预测分数，而对照组合理决策风格的后测试和后续测试分数显示出与预测试分数相比的减少。预测分数。决策款式扩展避免决策由于分析了预测试，测试后和后续措施的班次评分的平均分数，发现群体效应是微不足道的。确定实验和对照组从避免决策风格获得的预测评分中显着不同，但在测试后和后续测试的分数内没有显示出任何重大变化。

Individual Differences in Personality Associated with Aggressive Behavior among Adolescents Referred for Externalizing Behavior Problems

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