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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Rural Studies >Bridging youth and gender studies to analyse rural young women and men's livelihood pathways in Central Uganda
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Bridging youth and gender studies to analyse rural young women and men's livelihood pathways in Central Uganda

机译：弥合青年和性别研究，分析乌干达中部农村少妇和男子生计途径

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摘要

Many development countries are currently undergoing major demographic shifts as the percentage of young people of the total population rapidly increases. This shift is associated with high rates of migration, unemployment and instability. In policy discourses, engaging youth in commercial agricultural is often presented as a measure to control or even counter these trends. In Uganda, a country with one of the youngest populations in the world, we investigated whether young people themselves see a career in farming as an option. We studied the livelihood pathways of rural-born young men and women from Central Uganda and in particular; 1) their aspirations, 2) the extent to which these aspirations are associated with agriculture, and 3) the importance of gender in shaping their opportunity spaces. Data consisted of in-depth interviews with 8 young men and 8 young women originating from the same rural community in Central Uganda (2017) and was supported by three additional datasets collected between 2010 and 2014; one qualitative case-study conducted in the same site (2014) and two survey datasets collected in three rural sites in Central Uganda in 2010 (N = 199) and 2012 (N = 54). Our findings suggest a large proportion of youth out-migrating from the rural communities, with young women migrating more often than young men. Farming was seldom an aspiration but irrespective of sex or residence most young men and women did remain engaged in agriculture in some way. The nature of the engagement was different for men and women though, with young women specifically refraining from commercial agriculture. By analyzing the opportunity space of young men and women, we uncovered how their livelihood pathways were linked to a set of normative and structural constraints maintaining gender inequality. Examples were young women's weaker resource base (land) and gender norms which discourage young women's independent commercial (agricultural) activities. To advance the engagement of young men and especially women in commercial agriculture, it is important to acknowledge these patterns and their underlying structural gender differences.
机译：许多发展中国家目前正在进行重大的人口变化，因为总人口的青少年百分比迅速增加。这种转变与高迁移，失业和不稳定性的高率相关。在政策审界处，在商业农业中吸引青年通常被呈现为控制甚至抵消这些趋势的措施。在乌干达，一个拥有世界上最年轻的人口的国家，我们调查了年轻人是否自己看到农业作为一个选择。我们研究了来自乌干达中部的农村青年男女的生计途径，特别是; 1）他们的愿望，2）这些愿望与农业相关的程度，以及3）性别在塑造其机会空间方面的重要性。数据包括深入访谈，其中8名年轻男性和8名来自乌干达中部（2017年）的同一个农村社区的年轻女性，并得到了2010年至2014年间的三个额外数据集团;在2010年（N = 199）和2012年在乌干达中部的三个农村地点（N = 199）和2012年（N = 54）中进行的一个定性案例研究和两个调查数据集。我们的研究结果表明，来自农村社区的青年比例大部分，年轻女性比年轻人更频繁地迁移。农业很少是一个渴望，但无论性别或住所如何，大多数年轻男女都仍然以某种方式从事农业。然而，对于男女而言，参与的性质是不同的，年轻女性专门避免商业农业。通过分析年轻男女的机会空间，我们发现他们的生计途径是如何与维持性别不平等的一系列规范性和结构约束相关联。例子是年轻女性较弱的资源基础（土地）和性别规范，劝阻年轻女性的独立商业（农业）活动。为了推进年轻人和特别是女性在商业农业中的参与，重要的是要承认这些模式及其潜在的结构性性别差异。

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