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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Parasitology >PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF SPIRUROMORPH NEMATODES (SPIRURINA: SPIRUROMORPHA) IN NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
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PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF SPIRUROMORPH NEMATODES (SPIRURINA: SPIRUROMORPHA) IN NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES

机译：北美淡水鱼螺螺孢子瘤线虫线虫的系统发育关系（Spirurina：Spiruromorpha）

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摘要

Nematodes are common in the parasite communities of North American freshwater fishes, and the majority of them belong to 1 conventional order, Spirurida Chitwood, 1933. Within the Spirurida, the superfamilies Habronematoidea Chitwood and Wehr, 1932 and Thelazioidea Sobolev, 1949 have undergone considerable diversification. The dominant families of these 2 superfamilies, Cystidicolidae Skrjabin 1946 and Rhabdochonidae Railliet, 1916, respectively, are particularly common, widely distributed, and diverse, especially in North America, yet their phylogenetic relationships remain largely unexplored. In this study, we use near complete sequences of the 18S rRNA genes (SSU rDNA) from species in 6 genera (Capillospirura Skrjabin, 1924, Cystidicola Fischer, 1798, Salmonema Moravec, Santos and Brasil-Sato, 2008, Rhabdochona Railliet, 1916, Spinitectus Fourment, 1883, and a putative new cystidicolid in mooneyes, Hiodontidae), along with a species of Hedruris Nitzsch, 1812 from newts as a surrogate for the fish parasite Hedruris tiara VanCleave and Mueller, 1932, to explore their phylogenetic relationships. These sequences, together with available sequences from a range of other nematodes, including fish nematodes in other groups (Camallanoidea and `Seuratoidea'), were analyzed using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood. The results from both analyses indicate, for the first time, support for the close relationships of the sturgeon parasite Capillospirura with Ascarophis van Beneden, 1871 and Cystidicola; the relationship of the cystidicolid from Hiodontidae with Salmonema of salmonid fishes; the monophyly of the 2 dominant spiruridan genera of fishes, Rhabdochona and Spinitectus; and for previous relationships among Nearctic Spinitectus spp. The results also indicate a closer relationship of Rhabdochona and Spinitectus than is suggested by their conventional classification and reject the monophyly of Habronematoidea, Thelazioidea, and Cystidicolidae. Hedruridae appears to be an early branching lineage of spirurins. Finally, the pattern of association between the fish parasites in this study and their hosts indicates, with few exceptions, ecologically driven diversification events involving host shifting not related to the phylogenetic relationships of their hosts.
机译：Nematodes在北美淡水鱼的寄生虫社区中常见，其中大部分属于1常规秩序，螺丝达·查特伍德，1933年。在斯皮鲁迪达，Superfamilies Hahronematoidea Chitwood和Wehr，1932和Thelazioidea SoboLev，1949年经历了相当大的多样化。这2个超级小心子，Cystidicolidae Skrjabin 1946和rhabdochonidaeRailliet的主导家庭分别是特别普遍的，广泛分布的，尤其是在北美，但它们的系统发育关系仍然很大程度上是未开发的。在这项研究中，我们在6属（Capillospirura Skrjabin，1924，Cystidicola Fischer，1798，Salmonema Moravec，Santos和Brasil-Sato，2008，Rhabdochona Railliet，1916年，RhabdochonaRailliet，1916年，萨隆纳·莫拉弗（Ssu RDNA）附近的完整序列（Capillospirura Skrjabin，1924，Cystidicola Fischer，1798， Spinitectus Foural，1883年和一个推定的新型半胱氨酸在Mooneyes，Hiodontidae）以及一定种类的牛奶尔尼茨，1812年，来自蝾螈，作为鱼寄生虫Hedruris Tiara Vancleave和1932年穆勒的替代品，探讨其系统发育关系。使用贝叶斯推理和最大可能性分析这些序列的可用序列，其中来自其他线虫的一系列其他线虫（包括其他基团（Camallanoidea和`Seuratoidea））的序列。两种分析的结果首次表明，支持鲟鱼寄生虫毛细胞主菌与蛔虫van Beneden，1871和Cystidicola的密切关系; Hiodontidae与Salmonim鱼类的胱神经糖苷与鲑鱼的关系;螺旋螺杜丹属的一定的鱼类，rhabdochona和斯图斯特;对于先前的关系中的关系。结果还表明rhabdochona和斯丁的关系更紧密地与常规分类的建议，并拒绝哈昔麦芽糖，亚唑嗪和半胱氨酸含量的单独抑制。 Hedruridae似乎是螺旋藻的早期分支谱系。最后，在本研究中的鱼寄生虫和其宿主之间的关联模式表明，少数例外，生态驱动的多样化事件，涉及与其宿主的系统发育关系无关的宿主移位。

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