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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of toxicology and environmental health, Part B. Critical reviews >Attention Restoration Theory II: a systematic review to clarify attention processes affected by exposure to natural environments
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Attention Restoration Theory II: a systematic review to clarify attention processes affected by exposure to natural environments

机译：注意恢复理论II：系统审查，以澄清受自然环境影响影响的关注过程

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Attention Restoration Theory (ART) predicts exposure to natural environments may lead to improved cognitive performance through restoration of a limited cognitive resource, directed attention. A recent review by Ohly and colleagues (2016) uncovered substantial ambiguity surrounding details of directed attention and how cognitive restoration was tested. Therefore, an updated systematic review was conducted to identify relevant cognitive domains from which to describe elements of directed attention sensitive to the restoration effect. Forty-two articles that tested natural environments or stimuli against a suitable control, and included an objective measure of cognitive performance, had been published since July 2013. Articles were subjected to screening procedures and quality appraisal. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate pooled effect sizes across 8 cognitive domains using data from 49 individual outcome measures. Results showed that working memory, cognitive flexibility, and to a less-reliable degree, attentional control, are improved after exposure to natural environments, with low to moderate effect sizes. Moderator analyses revealed that actual exposures to real environments may enhance the restoration effect within these three domains, relative to virtual exposures; however, this may also be due to differences in the typical lengths of exposure. The effect of a participants' restoration potential, based upon diagnosis or fatigue-induction, was less clear. A new framework is presented to qualify the involvement of directed attention-related processes, using examples of tasks from the three cognitive domains found to be sensitive to the restoration effect. The review clarifies the description of cognitive processes sensitive to natural environments, using current evidence, while exploring aspects of protocol that appear influential to the strength of the restoration effect.
机译：注意恢复理论（ART）预测自然环境暴露可能导致通过恢复有限的认知资源，指导注意力来改善认知性能。最近审查了Ohlly及其同事（2016年）揭示了围绕定向关注细节的大量模糊性以及如何测试认知恢复。因此，进行了更新的系统审查，以识别从中描述对恢复效果敏感的要素的要素的相关认知结构域。自2013年7月以来，从2013年7月出版了四十两条测试自然环境或刺激的文章，并包括对合适的控制的客观衡量认知表现。根据筛查程序和质量评估。进行随机效应META分析，以使用来自49个个人结果测量的数据计算8个认知域的池效应大小。结果表明，在暴露于自然环境后，工作记忆，认知灵活性和较低的程度，收支控制，在暴露于自然环境后，改善，低至效果大小。主持人分析显示，对于真正的虚拟曝光，实际环境的实际曝光可能会增强这三个域内的恢复效果;然而，这也可能是由于典型曝光长度的差异。基于诊断或疲劳诱导的参与者恢复潜力的影响较小。提出了一个新的框架，以资格有资格参与定向关注相关过程，使用发现的三个认知域的任务示例对恢复效果敏感。审查阐明了使用当前证据敏感对自然环境敏感的认知过程的描述，同时探讨了对恢复效果强度影响的协议的方面。

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