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Toxicity of inorganic nanomaterials in biomedical imaging

机译:无机纳米材料在生物医学成像中的毒性

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摘要

Inorganic nanoparticles have shown promising potentials as novel biomedical imaging agents with high sensitivity, high spatial and temporal resolution. To translate the laboratory innovations into clinical applications, their potential toxicities are highly concerned and have to be evaluated comprehensively both in vitro and in vivo before their clinical applications. In this review, we first summarized the in vivo and in vitro toxicities of the representative inorganic nanoparticles used in biomedical imagings. Then we further discuss the origin of nanotoxicity of inorganic nanomaterials, including ROS generation and oxidative stress, chemical instability, chemical composition, the surface modification, dissolution of nanoparticles to release excess free ions of metals, metal redox state, and left-over chemicals from synthesis, etc. We intend to provide the readers a better understanding of the toxicology aspects of inorganic nanomaterials and knowledge for achieving optimized designs of safer inorganic nanomaterials for clinical applications
机译:无机纳米粒子作为具有高灵敏度,高空间和时间分辨率的新型生物医学成像剂已显示出令人鼓舞的潜力。为了将实验室创新转化为临床应用,其潜在的毒性受到高度关注,并且在临床应用之前必须在体内和体外进行全面评估。在这篇综述中,我们首先总结了生物医学成像中使用的代表性无机纳米粒子的体内和体外毒性。然后,我们进一步讨论了无机纳米材料的纳米毒性的起源,包括ROS的产生和氧化应激,化学不稳定性,化学组成,表面改性,纳米颗粒的溶解以释放出金属的过量自由离子,金属氧化还原态和来自于化学物质的残留合成等。我们旨在为读者提供对无机纳米材料毒理学方面的更好理解,以及为实现临床应用中更安全的无机纳米材料的优化设计所需要的知识。

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