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首页> 外文期刊>American journal of primatology >Singing Behavior and Singing Functions of Black-Crested Gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) at Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China
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Singing Behavior and Singing Functions of Black-Crested Gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) at Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China

机译：黑山长臂猿（山毛榉京东）的歌唱行为和歌唱功能。中国云南中部五粮

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We used data on loud duetted and solo songs collected from one habituated polygynous group of black-crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) on Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan, to test several hypotheses about the functions of these songs. The major functions proposed for loud gibbon songs include resource defense, mate defense, pairbonding, group cohesion and mate attraction. Duet bouts are generally initiated by adult males, who select the highest trees near to ridges or on steep slopes as singing trees. Such trees facilitate voice transmission and inter-group communication. Singing trees tended to be located near important food patches and sleeping sites, which supports the resource defense hypothesis. The adult male and two adult females always sang interactively, alternating male phrases with the females' stereotyped great calls, to produce the duets, and females rarely produced great calls if they were more than 30 m from the male. The two females usually produced great calls synchronously during the duet, especially when they were close together. These features support both the mate defense and pairbonding hypotheses. The number of great calls and their degree of synchrony transmit information about spatial relationships and possibly pairbond strength to members to neighboring groups and floating animals. During or after the duet bouts, the adult females and juvenile moved toward to the adult male; and group members maintained a close spatial relationship, which supports the group cohesion hypothesis. Other incidents observed suggest a mate competition role for duets. The adult male always sang when the females started duetting with the subadult male. The subadult male sang solo bouts, but they were not more frequent or longer than bouts initiated by the adult male. Although mate attraction is the likely function of subadult solos, it was not convincingly demonstrated. In conclusion, all hypotheses concerning the function of singing are supported by at least some of the data, and none can be excluded. Am. J. Primatol. 71:539-547, 2009.
机译：我们使用了从山上一个习惯化的多头黑顶长臂猿（Nomascus concolor jingdongensis）多族群采集的大声二重奏和独奏歌曲的数据。云南五粮，以检验有关这些歌曲功能的几种假设。为响亮的长臂猿歌曲提议的主要功能包括资源防御，队友防御，配对，群体凝聚力和队友吸引力。二重奏通常由成年男性发起，他们选择靠近山脊或在陡坡上的最高树作为唱歌树。这样的树便于语音传输和组间通信。唱歌树往往位于重要的食物区和睡眠场所附近，这支持了资源防御假说。成年雄性和两个成年雌性总是互动地唱歌，将雄性短语与成年雌性定型的大呼号交替出现，以产生二重唱，而如果雌性离雄性超过30 m，则雌性很少发出大声的呼唤。两位雌鸟通常在二重唱期间同步发出好听的声音，尤其是当他们在一起时。这些功能支持配偶防御和配对键假设。大电话的数量及其同步程度将有关空间关系的信息以及可能的双键强度传递给成员到邻近群体和漂浮动物的信息。在二重奏比赛期间或之后，成年雌性和少年移向成年雄性;小组成员之间保持紧密的空间关系，这支持了小组凝聚力假说。观察到的其他事件表明，双人比赛中有队友竞争角色。成年男性总是在雌性与次成年雄性开始对决时唱歌。亚成年男子唱歌独奏，但没有比成年男子发起的独奏更频繁或更长时间。尽管伴侣吸引是亚成人独奏的可能功能，但并没有令人信服地证明这一点。总之，关于歌唱功能的所有假设至少都得到某些数据的支持，并且不能排除任何假设。上午。 J. Primatol。 71：539-547，2009。

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