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首页> 外文期刊>American journal of primatology >Inter-unit contests within a provisioned troop of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the Qinling Mountains, China
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Inter-unit contests within a provisioned troop of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the Qinling Mountains, China

机译：在中国秦岭的四川小鼻猴（Rhinopithecus roxellana）的预备部队中的单位间竞赛

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摘要

Numerical superiority does not always ensure victory in intergroup contests. Although group size is likely to determine the maximum resource holding potential (RHP) of a group, the realized RHP is the collective outcome of individual group members' choices about participation in any given contest. For any group member, the choice about participation should be based on the assessment of costs and benefits that are affected by both ecological and social factors. In this study, we studied inter-unit contests in a provisioned troop of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana). We spent 368hr in contact with 9 one-male units sharing the same home range, during which we recorded 148 inter-unit contests at a provisioning site. Inter-unit contests always started as inter-individual contests. Contests escalated only when the two individuals were of different age-sex classes and one was an adult male. When a contest escalated, additional individuals were likely to get involved, and the outcome of the contest depended on unit members' choices about participation. The superiority in the number of participants rather than the superiority in unit size led to victory in inter-unit contests, given that the difference in unit size did not predict a difference in the number of participants. Unit members were more likely to support others in inter-unit contests in winter when food was sparse than in spring when food was abundant. In addition, unit members were more likely to support others in escalated contests than in those resulting in displacement, indicating that they tended to alter the outcome of a contest to gain immediate benefit. Although males initiated most inter-unit contests, a clear win-loss was most likely when females joined the fight. This sex difference may reflect the benefits to males vs. females of living in a multi-level society.
机译：数字上的优势并不总是确保团体间比赛的胜利。尽管小组规模可能确定一个小组的最大资源持有潜力（RHP），但已实现的RHP是各个小组成员选择参加任​​何给定竞赛的集体结果。对于任何小组成员，参与的选择应基于对受生态和社会因素影响的成本和收益的评估。在这项研究中，我们研究了四川小鼻猴（Rhinopithecus roxellana）的预备部队中的单位间竞赛。我们花了368小时与共享同一家庭范围的9个单男单位联系，在此期间，我们在预配置站点记录了148个单位间比赛。单元间竞赛总是从个体间竞赛开始。仅当两个人的年龄性别不同而一个人是成年男性时，比赛才升级。竞赛升级时，可能会有更多个人参与，竞赛的结果取决于单位成员对参与的选择。鉴于单位人数的差异并不能预测参与者人数的差异，因此参加人数的优势而不是单位规模的优势导致了单位间竞赛的胜利。与冬天相比，在食物稀少的冬天，单位成员更有可能在单位间的比赛中支持他人。此外，单元成员在逐步升级的竞赛中比在导致竞赛的竞赛中支持他人的可能性更大，这表明他们倾向于改变竞赛的结果以获取直接利益。尽管男性发起了大多数单位间竞赛，但是当女性加入战斗时，很可能会出现明显的输赢。这种性别差异可能反映了在多层次社会中生活对男性和女性的好处。

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