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首页> 外文期刊>American journal of physics >Acoustic radiation force due to a diverging wave: Demonstration and theory
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Acoustic radiation force due to a diverging wave: Demonstration and theory

机译：由于发散波产生的声辐射力：论证和理论

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摘要

A radiation force is the time-averaged force exerted by any kind of wave on a body. In the case of a divergent traveling acoustic wave, it is known that a relatively small rigid body can experience a radiation force that is directed toward the source. We show that this effect can be readily demonstrated with a styrofoam sphere pendulum near a horizontally directed loudspeaker that is emitting sound of sufficiently high amplitude and low frequency. The attraction is surprising because repulsive forces are exerted by a traveling plane wave and by an outward jetting or "wind" from the loudspeaker. We argue that the attractive force near a source that is small compared to the wavelength can be roughly understood and calculated as a time-averaged Bernoulli effect, if scattering is ignored. The result is within a factor of two of rigorous published results based on scattering calculations, when these results are specialized to the case of a rigid body whose average density is much greater than the density of the fluid. However, repulsion occurs when the average density of the body is less than the density of the fluid, in which case our Bernoulli result completely fails. VC 2014 American Association of Physics Teachers.
机译：辐射力是任何类型的波对人体施加的时间平均力。已知在传播的声波发散的情况下，相对较小的刚体会受到指向辐射源的辐射力。我们表明，在水平定向扬声器附近的泡沫聚苯乙烯球摆可以很容易地证明这种效果，该扬声器发出的声音具有足够高的振幅和低频。吸引力之所以令人惊讶，是因为行进的平面波和扬声器的向外喷射或“风”施加了排斥力。我们认为，如果忽略散射，可以大致理解光源附近的吸引力，该吸引力比波长小，并将其计算为时间平均的伯努利效应。当这些结果专门用于平均密度远大于流体密度的刚体的情况时，该结果是基于散射计算得出的严格公开结果的两倍。但是，当人体的平均密度小于液体的密度时，就会发生排斥，在这种情况下，我们的伯努利结果完全失效。 VC 2014美国物理教师协会。

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