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首页> 外文期刊>American journal of primatology >Hominoid seminal protein evolution and ancestral mating behavior
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Hominoid seminal protein evolution and ancestral mating behavior

机译：人类精浆蛋白进化与祖先交配行为

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摘要

Hominoid mating systems show extensive variation among species. The degree of sexual dimorphism in body size and canine size varies among primates in accordance with their mating system, as does the testes size and the consistency of ejaculated semen, in response to differing levels of sperm competition. To investigate patterns of evolution at hominoid seminal proteins and to make inferences regarding the mating systems of extinct taxa, we sequenced the entire coding region of the prostate-specific transglutaminase (TGM4) gene in human, chimpanzee, bonobo, western lowland gorilla, eastern lowland gorilla, orangutan, and siamang, including multiple humans, chimps, and gorillas. Partial DNA sequence of the coding regions was also obtained for one eastern lowland gorilla at the semenogelin genes (SEMG1 and SEMG2), which code for the predominant proteins in semen. Patterns of nucleotide variation and inferred protein sequence change were evaluated within and between species. Combining the present data with previous studies demonstrates a high rate of amino acid substitutions, and low intraspecific variation, at seminal proteins in Pan, presumably driven by strong sperm competition. Both gorilla species apparently possess nonfunctional TGM4, SEMG1, and SEMG2 genes, suggesting that gorillas have had low sperm competition, and therefore their current polygynous mating system, for a long time before their divergence. Similarly, orangutans show longstanding stasis at TGM4, which may be interpreted as evidence for an unchanging mating system for most of their evolution after their divergence from African apes. In contrast to the great apes, the data from humans could be interpreted as evidence of fluctuations between different mating systems or alternatively as a relaxed functional constraint in these proteins. It is our hope that this study is a first step toward developing a model to predict ancestral mating systems from extant molecular data to complement interpretations from the fossil record.
机译：类人猿交配系统显示出物种之间的广泛差异。灵长类动物的体型和犬科动物的性二态化程度根据它们的交配系统而异，睾丸的大小和射精精液的稠度也不同，这取决于精子竞争水平的不同。为了研究类人精原蛋白进化的模式并推断灭绝的类群的交配系统，我们对人类，黑猩猩，bo黑猩猩，西部低地大猩猩，东部低地的前列腺特异性转谷氨酰胺酶（TGM4）基因的整个编码区进行了测序大猩猩，猩猩和暹罗，包括多人，黑猩猩和大猩猩。还从精液蛋白基因（SEMG1和SEMG2）处的一只东部低地大猩猩获得了编码区的部分DNA序列，该基因编码精液中的主要蛋白质。在物种内部和物种之间评估核苷酸变异和推断的蛋白质序列变化的模式。将当前数据与以前的研究相结合表明，潘氏精液中的氨基酸置换率高，种内变异低，这大概是由强烈的精子竞争驱动的。两种大猩猩物种显然都具有无功能的TGM4，SEMG1和SEMG2基因，这表明大猩猩在分化之前很长一段时间内精子竞争较低，因此它们当前的多性交配系统也很长一段时间。同样，红毛猩猩在TGM4处显示长期停滞，这可能被解释为与非洲猿猴分离后大部分进化过程中交配系统没有变化的证据。与大猿相反，人类的数据可以解释为不同交配系统之间波动的证据，或者可以解释为这些蛋白质中松弛的功能约束。我们希望这项研究是开发模型的第一步，该模型可以根据现有的分子数据预测祖先的交配系统，以补充对化石记录的解释。

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