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首页> 外文期刊>American journal of primatology >The Effects of Extreme Seasonality of Climate and Day Length on the Activity Budget and Diet of Semi-Commensal Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus) in the Cape Peninsula of South Africa
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The Effects of Extreme Seasonality of Climate and Day Length on the Activity Budget and Diet of Semi-Commensal Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus) in the Cape Peninsula of South Africa

机译：气候极端季节和日长对南非开普半岛半共性Chacma狒狒（Papio ursinus）的活动预算和饮食的影响

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We examined the effects of extreme seasonality on the activity budget and diet of wild chacnia baboons with access to a high-quality, human-derived food source. The Cape Peninsula of South Africa is unusual among nonhuman primate habitats due to its seasonal extremes in day length and climate. Winter days are markedly shorter and colder than summer days but have higher rainfall and higher primary production of annually flowering plants. This combination of fewer daylight hours but higher rainfall is substantially different from the ecological constraints faced by both equatorial baboon populations and those living in temperate climates with summer rainfall. We sought to understand how these seasonal differences affect time budgets of food-enhanced troops in comparison to both other food-enhanced troops and wild foraging troops at similar latitudes. Our results revealed significant seasonal differences in activity budget and diet, a finding that contrasts with other baboon populations with access to high-return anthropogenic foods. Similar to nonprovisioned troops at similar latitudes, troop members spent more time feeding, socializing, and traveling during the long summer days compared to the short winter days, and proportionately more time feeding and less time resting in summer compared to winter. Summer diets consisted mainly of fynbos and nonindigenous foods, whereas winter diets were dominated by annually flowering plants (mainly grasses) and ostrich pellets raided from a nearby ostrich farm. In this case, food enhancement may have effectively exaggerated seasonal differences in activity budgets by providing access to a high-return food (ostrich pellets) that was spatially and temporally coincident with abundant winter fallback foods (grasses). The frequent use of both alien vegetation and high-return, human-derived foods highlights the dietary flexibility of baboons as a key element of their overall success in rapidly transforming environments such as the South African Cape Peninsula.
机译：我们研究了极端季节性因素对获得高质量，人源性食物来源的野生查克狒狒活动预算和饮食的影响。在非人类的灵长类动物栖息地中，南非的开普敦半岛（Cape Peninsula）在日长和气候上都表现为季节性极端，因此与众不同。冬季明显比夏季短和冷，但降雨量较高，一年生开花植物的初级产量较高。白天少时，雨量多的这种组合与赤道狒狒种群和生活在夏季降雨的温带气候下的种群所面临的生态约束有很大不同。我们试图了解这些季节性差异与其他纬度相似的地区的粮食增援部队和野外觅食部队相比，如何影响粮食增援部队的时间预算。我们的结果揭示了活动预算和饮食上的明显季节性差异，这一发现与获得高回报人为食物的其他狒狒种群形成了鲜明对比。与处于类似纬度的非预备部队相似，部队成员在漫长的夏日里花费的时间更多，与短冬相比，在进食，社交和旅行上花费的时间更多，而与冬季相比，夏季花费的时间更多，休息时间更少。夏季饮食主要包括f和非本地食物，而冬季饮食则主要是每年开花的植物（主要是草）和附近鸵鸟养殖场突袭的鸵鸟丸。在这种情况下，通过提供在空间和时间上与丰富的冬季后备食物（草）在时间上相吻合的高回报食物（鸵鸟丸），增加食物可能有效地夸大了活动预算的季节性差异。频繁使用外来植物和人类高回报的食物突出了狒狒的饮食灵活性，这是狒狒在快速变化的环境（例如南非开普敦半岛）中整体成功的关键因素。

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