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From allergen genes to new forms of allergy diagnosis and treatment.

机译：从过敏原基因到新形式的过敏症诊断和治疗。

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Type I allergy represents an important health problem that affects more than 25% of the population in industrialized countries. Specific immunotherapy is one of the few causative treatment approaches for type I allergy and is currently performed with crude allergen extracts, which consist of a mixture of allergenic and nonallergenic components, are difficult to standardize and cannot be applied according to the patient's reactivity profile. With the introduction of molecular biological techniques into allergy research, a large panel of individual recombinant allergens has become available. Recombinant allergens can be used for improved diagnosis of allergy to determine the patient's sensitization profile, which is a prerequisite to select the allergens for patient-tailored immunotherapy. They allow the elucidation of the properties of allergens and of the mechanisms of allergy as well as of the mechanisms of immunotherapy. Moreover, recombinant allergens allow the development of hypoallergenic allergenderivatives with reduced allergenic activity and retained immunogenicity. First immunotherapy trials with hypoallergenic allergen derivatives have shown that this treatment might improve immunotherapy in the near future. This review summarizes the results, which were obtained with recombinant allergens and hypoallergenic allergen derivatives. The experiences from the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the hypoallergenic derivatives and from clinical studies as well as the contribution of hypoallergenic derivatives to develop new treatment strategies and possibly prophylactic vaccination strategies are discussed.
机译：I型过敏是一个重要的健康问题，在工业化国家中，这种问题影响了25％以上的人口。特异性免疫疗法是I型变态反应的少数致病性治疗方法之一，目前使用的是粗制变应原提取物，其由变应原和非变应原成分组成，难以标准化且无法根据患者的反应性进行应用。随着将分子生物学技术引入变态反应研究中，大量的单独的重组变应原变得可用。重组变应原可用于改善变态反应的诊断，以确定患者的致敏特性，这是选择变应原进行患者量身定制免疫疗法的前提。它们可以阐明变应原的性质，变态反应的机理以及免疫疗法的机理。此外，重组变应原允许开发具有降低的变应原活性和保留的免疫原性的低变应原性变应原剂。首次使用低变应原性变应原衍生物进行免疫治疗试验表明，这种治疗可能会在不久的将来改善免疫治疗。这篇综述总结了使用重组变应原和低变应原变应原衍生物获得的结果。讨论了低变应原衍生物的体外和体内评估以及临床研究的经验，以及低变应原衍生物在开发新的治疗策略和可能的预防接种策略中的贡献。

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