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首页> 外文期刊>Allergy >Allergic disorders in African countries: linking immunology to accurate phenotype.
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Allergic disorders in African countries: linking immunology to accurate phenotype.

机译：非洲国家的过敏性疾病：将免疫学与准确的表型联系起来。

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摘要

Identification and characterization of risk and protective factors for allergy is important for developing strategies for prevention or treatment. The prevalence of allergy is clearly higher in affluent countries than in developing countries like, e.g. Africa. Especially in urban areas of developing countries, allergy is however on the increase. In Africa, we have the unique opportunity to investigate risk and protective factors and the influence of urbanization and westernization, i.e. almost to take a look at Europe, Australia or the USA as they were before their allergy epidemics. Moreover, migrants from developing to affluent countries experiencing an increased burden of allergy provide new insights into risk and protective factors. Allergen exposure, diet and infections are the major exogenous influences playing a role as risk and protective factors. Depending on the nature, timing, chronicity and level of exposure, each of them can promote or inhibit allergy. Perhaps with the exception of infections, availability of data from Africa on their role in the development of allergy is limited. Detailed epidemiological studies in rural and urban Africa combined with basic immunological research are needed to unravel mechanisms of increase in allergy and of protection. The maturation of the immune system at young age under influence of exogenous factors results in differences in T-cell-skewing (Th1/Th2/Treg) and humoral responses. It is essential to perform studies from a 'non-Eurocentric' angle (e.g. local allergens, locally validated questionnaires and diagnostic procedures). Such studies will provide the affluent countries with new leads to combat the allergy epidemic and more importantly help prevent it in Africa.
机译：识别和表征过敏风险和保护因素对于制定预防或治疗策略很重要。富裕国家的过敏症患病率明显高于发展中国家，例如非洲。然而，特别是在发展中国家的城市地区，过敏症正在增加。在非洲，我们有独特的机会来调查风险和保护因素以及城市化和西化的影响，即几乎可以观察到过敏性流行之前的欧洲，澳大利亚或美国。此外，从发展中国家到富裕国家的移民承受着越来越重的过敏负担，从而为人们提供了有关风险和保护因素的新见识。过敏原的暴露，饮食和感染是主要的外源性影响，起着危险和保护因素的作用。根据暴露的性质，时间，慢性和暴露水平，它们各自可以促进或抑制过敏。也许除了感染外，来自非洲的关于其在变态反应发展中作用的数据的可用性是有限的。需要对非洲农村和城市地区进行详细的流行病学研究，并结合基本的免疫学研究，以阐明变态反应和保护作用增加的机制。在外源因素的影响下，年轻时免疫系统的成熟会导致T细胞偏斜（Th1 / Th2 / Treg）和体液反应的差异。从“非欧洲中心”的角度进行研究（例如本地变应原，经过本地验证的问卷和诊断程序）至关重要。这些研究将为富裕国家提供新的线索，以抗击过敏性流行病，更重要的是有助于在非洲预防这种流行病。

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