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首页> 外文期刊>Allergy >Microbial content of drinking water in Finnish and Russian Karelia - implications for atopy prevalence.
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Microbial content of drinking water in Finnish and Russian Karelia - implications for atopy prevalence.

机译：芬兰和俄罗斯卡累利阿州饮用水中的微生物含量-对特应性流行的影响。

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Background and aim: The influence of microbial quality of drinking water from different sources on the occurrence of atopy has been poorly examined. This study was undertaken to clarify the association between the overall microbial content in drinking water and the occurrence of atopy among schoolchildren from two neighbouring areas with profound differences in living conditions and lifestyles. Methods: Drinking water samples were obtained from kitchens of nine schools in North Karelia, Finland and of nine schools from Pitkaranta, the Republic of Karelia, Russia. The pupils of these schools were participants of the Karelian Allergy Study. Occurrence of atopy, determined by skin prick test positivity (one or more) to 14 common airborne and food allergens, was measured in all 563 children, aged 7-16 years, from these 18 schools. Water samples were analysed using standard methods for drinking water analyses including viable counts for Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci, coliform bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. In addition, total cell counts including both viable and nonviable bacteria, algae and protozoans were assessed using epifluorescence microscope with 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Results: In Finland, 29% of the children were sensitized to birch when compared with 2% of the Russian children (P < 0.0001). Overall, sensitization rates for any of the pollens were 39% and 8% (P < 0.0001), and for any of the allergens 48% and 16%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Because of substantial differences in raw water sources and treatment practices, the total numbers of microbial cells in drinking water were many-fold higher in Russia than in Finland. A dose-response relationship was found for occurrence of atopy and the DAPI value indicative of microbial cell content in the water (P < 0.0001). Further, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high (>10(6) cells/ml) and intermediate (10(5)-10(6) cells/ml) DAPI values were associated with reduced risk of atopy (odds ratio 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.57 and 0.39, 0.23-0.69, respectively), independently from other factors. Conclusion: High overall content of micro-organisms in drinking water may be associated with reduced risk of atopy, independently from other determinants.
机译：背景与目的：对来自不同来源的饮用水的微生物质量对特应性发生的影响的研究很少。进行这项研究的目的是弄清两个邻近地区生活水平和生活方式差异很大的学童的饮用水中总微生物含量与特应性发生之间的关系。方法：从芬兰北卡累利阿的9所学校和俄罗斯卡累利阿共和国的Pitkaranta的9所学校的厨房中获取饮用水样品。这些学校的学生是卡累利阿过敏研究的参与者。在这18所学校的所有563名7至16岁的儿童中，通过皮肤点刺试验阳性（一种或多种）对14种常见空气传播和食物过敏原的测定，确定了特应性的发生率。使用标准的饮用水分析方法对水样进行分析，包括大肠杆菌，肠球菌，大肠菌和异养细菌的可行计数。此外，使用带有4'-6-二dia基-2-苯基吲哚（DAPI）染色的落射荧光显微镜评估了包括活细菌和非活细菌，藻类和原生动物在内的总细胞数。结果：在芬兰，有29％的儿童对桦木敏感，而在俄罗斯则有2％（P <0.0001）。总体而言，任何花粉的致敏率分别为39％和8％（P <0.0001），而任何过敏原的致敏率分别为48％和16％（P <0.0001）。由于原水源和处理方法的巨大差异，俄罗斯饮用水中的微生物细胞总数比芬兰高出许多倍。发现了特应性的发生的剂量-反应关系和指示水中微生物细胞含量的DAPI值（P <0.0001）。此外，多因素logistic回归分析显示，高（> 10（6）个细胞/ ml）和中等（10（5）-10（6）个细胞/ ml）DAPI值与减少过敏症的风险相关（比值比为0.34、95） ％置信区间分别为0.20-0.57和0.39、0.23-0.69），与其他因素无关。结论：饮用水中微生物的高含量可能独立于其他决定因素而与降低遗传性特应性风险有关。

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