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The long-term impact of combat exposure on health, interpersonal, and economic domains of functioning

机译：作战暴露对健康，人际关系和经济运作领域的长期影响

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Purpose: Wartime combat exposure is linked to a broad array of negative outcomes. The current study identified potential differences between middle-to-older aged men exposed to combat and those not exposed for physical health, interpersonal, and economic functioning over 10 years. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social support were examined as moderators between combat exposure and outcomes.Methods: Data from the National Comorbidity Survey, baseline and 10-year follow-up, were utilized. Only men aged 50-65 at follow-up (N = 727) were included. Group differences between combat and non-combat men were examined. Regression analyses were performed to examine relationships between earlier combat and health, interpersonal, and economic outcomes over time, while controlling for important covariates.Results: Combat-exposed men were at increased risk for asthma, arthritis/rheumatism, lung diseases, headaches, and pain; they also had greater marital instability. However, combat-exposed men reported economic advantages, including higher personal earnings at follow-up. For combat-exposed men, PTSD did not increase risk for headaches; however, PTSD in non-combat men was associated with increased risk for headaches at follow-up. Whereas combat-exposed men with higher levels of social support were less likely to report chronic pain at follow-up, there were no group differences in pain at lower levels of social support.Implications: Individuals who experience combat may be susceptible to later health and marital problems; however, as combat-exposed men age, they demonstrate some resilience, including in economic domains of life. Given that consequences of combat may manifest years after initial exposure, knowledge of combat exposure is necessary to inform treatments and the delivery of disability benefits.
机译：目的：战时作战暴露与各种各样的负面结果有关。当前的研究确定了在10年内遭受战斗的中老年人与未经历身体健康，人际关系和经济运行的男性之间的潜在差异。创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和社会支持作为战斗暴露与结局之间的调节者进行了研究。方法：利用来自国家合并症调查，基线和十年随访的数据。仅包括随访中的50-65岁男性（N = 727）。检查了战斗人员和非战斗人员之间的群体差异。进行回归分析以检查早期战斗与健康，人际关系和经济结果之间的关系，同时控制重要的协变量。结果：暴露于战斗中的男性患哮喘，关节炎/风湿病，肺部疾病，头痛和痛;他们的婚姻不稳定也更大。然而，有战斗经验的男子报告称具有经济优势，包括在后续行动中获得更高的个人收入。对于接触战斗的男性，PTSD不会增加头痛的风险;但是，非战斗人员的PTSD与随访时头痛的风险增加有关。社会支持水平较高的处于战斗状态的男性在随访中不太可能报告慢性疼痛，而社会支持水平较低的人群在疼痛方面没有群体差异。启示：经历过战斗的人可能更容易受到以后的健康和疾病的影响。婚姻问题;但是，随着受到战斗的人们的年龄增长，他们表现出一定的应变能力，包括在生活的经济领域。鉴于战斗后果可能会在最初暴露后数年后显现出来，因此有必要了解战斗暴露才能为治疗和残障福利提供信息。

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