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首页> 外文期刊>American Journal of Physiology >Neurotransmitters in the thalamus relaying visceral input to the insular cortex in the rat.
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Neurotransmitters in the thalamus relaying visceral input to the insular cortex in the rat.

机译：丘脑中的神经递质将内脏输入传递给大鼠的岛状皮层。

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Neurotransmitters relaying ascending visceral information were examined by comparing the response of neurons in the insular cortex to vagal stimulation (0.8 Hz, 2 mA) before and after neurotransmitter antagonist injections (200 nl) in the ventroposterior parvocellular nucleus of the thalamus (VPpc). Cobalt (10 mM; presynaptic blocker) and kynurenate (100 microM; nonspecific excitatory amino acid antagonist) injections in the VPpc resulted in an attenuation (73-100 and 38-98%, respectively) of the evoked cortical response. Injections of the specific N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (200 microM and 2 mM) did not affect the vagally evoked response, whereas the nonspecific non-NMDA antagonist L-glutamic acid diethylester (200 microM) attenuated the vagally evoked response by 66-100%. Three concentrations of the DL-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA)-specific antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (20 and 200 microM and 2 mM) attenuated the vagally evoked cortical response by 29 +/- 9, 31 +/- 10, and 59 +/- 8%, respectively. The more selective AMPA antagonist 6-nitro-7-sulphamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline-2,3-dione (200 microM and 2 mM) inhibited the vagally evoked cortical response by 53 +/- 8 and 52 +/- 3%, respectively. Phentolamine (0.1 and 1.0 microM), a general alpha-adrenergic antagonist, and picrotoxin (0.1 and 1.0 microM), a GABA(A) antagonist, did not affect the vagally evoked response. Atropine, a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, decreased the vagally evoked response by 40 +/- 2% at a concentration of 0.1 microM, but a higher concentration of 1.0 microM had no effect. These results indicate that the non-NMDA excitatory amino acid receptor is necessary for the relay of visceral information in the VPpc. Muscarinic receptors may modulate visceral neuronal excitability in the VPpc, although the exact interaction between the inhibitory (m2) and excitatory (m3 or m5) muscarinic receptor types found in the thalamus is not known.
机译：通过比较丘脑腹腔后小核（VPpc）注射神经递质拮抗剂（200 nl）前后岛状皮层神经元对迷走神经刺激（0.8 Hz，2 mA）的反应，检查了传递内脏信息的神经递质。在VPpc中注射钴（10 mM;突触前阻滞剂）和Kynurenate（100 microM;非特异性兴奋性氨基酸拮抗剂）导致诱发的皮质反应减弱（分别为73-100和38-98％）。注射特定的N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）拮抗剂DL-2-氨基-5-膦基戊酸（200 microM和2 mM）不会影响阴道诱发的反应，而非特异性的非NMDA拮抗剂L-谷氨酸酸性二乙酯（200 microM）使阴道诱发的反应减弱66-100％。三种浓度的DL-α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基异恶唑-丙酸（AMPA）特异性拮抗剂6-氰基-7-硝基喹喔啉-2,3-二酮（20和200 microM和2 mM）减弱了阴道诱发的皮质反应分别为29 +/- 9、31 +/- 10和59 +/- 8％。更具选择性的AMPA拮抗剂6-硝基-7-磺酰基苯并（f）喹喔啉-2,3-二酮（200 microM和2 mM）分别抑制了阴道诱发的皮质反应53 +/- 8％和52 +/- 3％ 。普通的α-肾上腺素拮抗剂酚妥拉明（0.1和1.0 microM）和GABA（A）拮抗剂微毒素（0.1和1.0 microM）不影响阴道诱发的反应。毒蕈碱胆碱能拮抗剂阿托品在浓度为0.1 microM时可使阴道诱发的反应降低40 +/- 2％，但较高浓度为1.0 microM则无效果。这些结果表明，非NMDA兴奋性氨基酸受体对于VPpc中内脏信息的传递是必需的。尽管在丘脑中发现的抑制性（m2）和兴奋性（m3或m5）毒蕈碱受体类型之间的确切相互作用尚不清楚，但毒蕈碱受体可能会调节VPpc中内脏神经元的兴奋性。

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