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首页> 外文期刊>American Journal of Physiology >Role of microvillar cell surfaces in the regulation of glucose uptake and organization of energy metabolism.
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Role of microvillar cell surfaces in the regulation of glucose uptake and organization of energy metabolism.

机译：微绒毛细胞表面在调节葡萄糖摄取和能量代谢组织中的作用。

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摘要

Experimental evidence suggesting a type of glucose uptake regulation prevailing in resting and differentiated cells was surveyed. This type of regulation is characterized by transport-limited glucose metabolism and depends on segregation of glucose transporters on microvilli of differentiated or resting cells. Earlier studies on glucose transport regulation and a recently presented general concept of influx regulation for ions and metabolic substrates via microvillar structures provide the basic framework for this theory. According to this concept, glucose uptake via transporters on microvilli is regulated by changes in the structural organization of the microfilament bundle, which is acting as a diffusion barrier between the microvillar tip compartment and the cytoplasm. Both microvilli formation and the switch of glucose metabolism from "metabolic regulation" to "transport limitation" occur during differentiation. The formation of microvillar cell surfaces creates the essential preconditions to establish the characteristic functions of specialized tissue cells including the coordination between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, regulation of cellular functions by external signals, and Ca(2+) signaling. The proposed concept integrates various aspects of glucose uptake regulation into a ubiquitous cellular mechanism involved in regulation of transmembrane ion and substrate fluxes.
机译：实验证据表明，静息和分化细胞中普遍存在一种葡萄糖摄取调节。这种类型的调节的特征在于转运受限的葡萄糖代谢，并且取决于分化或静止细胞的微绒毛上葡萄糖转运蛋白的分离。葡萄糖转运调节的早期研究以及最近提出的通过微绒毛结构调节离子和代谢底物的通量的一般概念为该理论提供了基本框架。根据该概念，通过微丝束的结构组织的变化来调节经由微绒毛上的转运蛋白摄取的葡萄糖，该微丝束的结构组织充当微绒毛尖端隔室和细胞质之间的扩散屏障。微绒毛形成和葡萄糖代谢从“代谢调节”到“运输限制”的转变都在分化过程中发生。微绒毛细胞表面的形成为建立专门组织细胞的特征功能创造了必要的先决条件，包括糖酵解和氧化磷酸化之间的协调，外部信号对细胞功能的调节以及Ca（2+）信号传导。提出的概念将葡萄糖摄取调节的各个方面整合到参与跨膜离子和底物通量调节的普遍存在的细胞机制中。

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