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首页> 外文期刊>American Journal of Physiology >Inferences on force transmission from muscle fiber architecture of the canine diaphragm.
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Inferences on force transmission from muscle fiber architecture of the canine diaphragm.

机译：从犬diaphragm肌肌纤维结构推断力传递。

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Functional properties of the diaphragm are mediated by muscle structure. Modeling of force transmission necessitates a precise knowledge of muscle fiber architecture. Because the diaphragm experiences loads both along and transverse to the long axes of its muscle fibers in vivo, the mechanism of force transmission may be more complex than in other skeletal muscles that are loaded uniaxially along the muscle fibers. Using a combination of fiber microdissections and histological and morphological methods, we determined regional muscle fiber architecture and measured the shape of the cell membrane of single fibers isolated from diaphragm muscles from 11 mongrel dogs. We found that muscle fibers were either spanning fibers (SPF), running uninterrupted between central tendon (CT) and chest wall (CW), or were non-spanning fibers (NSF) that ended within the muscle fascicle. NSF accounted for the majority of fibers in the midcostal, dorsal costal, and lateral crural regions but were only 25-41% of fibers in the sternal region. In the midcostal and dorsal costal regions, only approximately 1% of the NSF terminated within the fascicle at both ends; the lateral crural region contained no such fibers. We measured fiber length, tapered length, fiber diameters along fiber length, and the taper angle for 271 fibers. The lateral crural region had the longest mean length of SPF, which is equivalent to the mean muscle length, followed by the costal and sternal regions. For the midcostal and crural regions, the percentage of tapered length of NSF was 45.9 +/- 5.3 and 40.6 +/- 7.5, respectively. The taper angle was approximately 0.15 degrees for both, and, therefore, the shear component of force was approximately 380 times greater than the tensile component. When the diaphragm is submaximally activated, as during normal breathing and maximal inspiratory efforts, muscle forces could be transmitted to the cell membrane and to the extracellular intramuscular connective tissue by shear linkage, presumably via structural transmembrane proteins.
机译：隔膜的功能特性由肌肉结构介导。力传递的建模需要对肌纤维结构有精确的了解。因为隔膜在体内会沿其肌肉纤维的长轴同时承受和承受其长轴的载荷，所以力传递的机制可能比沿肌肉纤维单轴加载的其他骨骼肌更为复杂。通过结合纤维显微解剖，组织学和形态学方法，我们确定了区域性肌肉纤维结构，并测量了从11只杂种犬的diaphragm肌分离出的单纤维细胞膜的形状。我们发现，肌肉纤维要么是跨越纤维（SPF），在中央肌腱（CT）和胸壁（CW）之间不间断地运行，要么是在肌肉束内终结的非跨越纤维（NSF）。 NSF占肋中部，背肋和外侧足部区域纤维的大部分，但仅占胸骨区域纤维的25-41％。在肋中和背肋区域，只有大约1％的NSF终止于分束两端。外侧胎骨区域不包含此类纤维。我们测量了纤维长度，锥形长度，沿纤维长度的纤维直径以及271根纤维的锥角。外侧足区域的SPF平均长度最长，等于平均肌肉长度，其次是肋骨和胸骨区域。对于肋中部和颅骨区域，NSF的锥形长度百分比分别为45.9 +/- 5.3和40.6 +/- 7.5。两者的锥角均为约0.15度，因此，力的剪切分量比拉伸分量大约380倍。当隔膜被最大程度地激活时，如在正常呼吸和最大吸气期间，肌肉力可能会通过剪切键传递到细胞膜和细胞外肌内结缔组织，大概是通过结构性跨膜蛋白。

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