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首页> 外文期刊>Current Anthropology: A World Journal of the Sciences of Man >Guardian Angel on a nation's path, contexts and trajectories of physical anthropology in Brazil in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
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Guardian Angel on a nation's path, contexts and trajectories of physical anthropology in Brazil in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

机译：19世纪末至20世纪初在巴西人类民族道路，背景和轨迹上的守护天使

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摘要

In this paper I analyze the trajectory of Brazilian physical anthropology from the late nineteenth century to the early decades of the twentieth century, framing it within the prevailing historical and sociopolitical context. The focus will be on the research and reflections of anthropologists at the Museu Nacional (National Museum) in Rio de Janeiro, one of Brazil's most influential anthropological research centers, from 1870 to 1930. The main aim is to understand why these anthropologists distanced themselves from explanatory approaches that placed mestizos and other non-Europeans on inferior levels in the hierarchy of human races. I argue that the position taken by physical anthropology at the National Museum was the result of far-reaching intellectual and political dynamics operating well beyond academic borders. Anthropologists from the National Museum-and Edgard Roquette-Pinto in particular-shared the nationalist ideals defended by a portion of the early twentieth-century Brazilian intelligentsia. It is also argued that, contrary to some historical interpretations, the antideterministic position of physical anthropology at the National Museum was independent of the Boasian influence. Although there were superficial similarities between the Boasian ideas and those of a segment of the physical anthropology produced in Brazil, the most significant influences came from other, locally produced sources.
机译：在本文中，我分析了巴西自然人类学在19世纪后期至20世纪初的轨迹，并将其定为流行的历史和社会政治背景。重点将放在1870年至1930年间在巴西里约热内卢最具影响力的人类学研究中心之一的里约热内卢国家博物馆的人类学家的研究和思考上。主要目的是了解为什么这些人类学家与人类保持距离一种解释性的方法，将混血儿和其他非欧洲人置于人类等级制度的下等水平。我认为，自然人类学在国家博物馆中所采取的立场是深远的学术和政治动态影响的结果。国家博物馆的人类学家，尤其是埃德加德·罗凯特·平托，与人类学家分享了二十世纪初巴西知识分子所捍卫的民族主义理想。也有人认为，与某些历史解释相反，自然人类学在国家博物馆中的确定性立场独立于波斯尼亚人的影响。尽管波阿斯人的思想与巴西人种人类学的思想之间存在表面上的相似之处，但最重要的影响来自其他本地生产的来源。

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