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Solid-gas reactions in synthetic chemistry: what can we learn from reaction pathways?

机译:合成化学中的固体气体反应:我们可以从反应途径中学到什么?

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摘要

The knowledge of reaction pathways in the preparation of solids is usually rather scarce,which hinders synthesis planning and process control.This is particularly true for metastable compounds,which are a challenge for chemical synthesis,especially in the solid state.In situ studies can help in exploring the energy landscape around their local minimum by investigating formation and decomposition.Screening the multi-parameter space in synthetic chemistry is much more efficient using in as compared to ex situ methods.Studying solid-gas reactions in situ is demanding due to the oftentimes harsh conditions as for temperature and gas pressure.Examples are given for a variety of solids and applications,e.g.,metal hydrides (hydrogen storage,hydrogenation-decomposition-desorption-recombination),intermetallics (heterogeneous catalysis),metal nitrides,nitride oxides and oxides (magnetic materials,photocatalysts).Many new metastable compounds with intriguing properties were discovered by such in situ studies in flowing or static gas atmosphere (H2,Ar,NH3,air) at elevated pressures and temperatures using a variety of in situ methods such as X-ray and neutron powder diffraction,thermal analysis,environmental scanning electron microscopy,Raman,NMR,UV-VIS and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy.The potential of unravelling reaction pathways of solid-gas reactions for improving syntheses and controUing chemical processes is demonstrated.
机译:在制备固体中的反应途径的知识通常是稀缺的,其妨碍了合成规划和过程控制。常规化合物尤其如此,这对于化学合成是一种挑战,特别是在实体的研究中可以帮助通过调查形成和分解来探索其局部最小值的能量景观。与以外的方法相比,合成化学中的多参数空间在合成化学中的多参数空间更有效率。原位原位的固体气体反应令人要求苛刻温度和气体压力的苛刻条件。用于各种固体和应用,例如金属氢化物(储氢,氢化 - 解解 - 重组),金属间质(异质催化),金属氮化物,氮化物,氧化物和氧化物(磁性材料,光催化剂)。通过这样发现具有有趣性质的新型亚料化合物使用各种原位方法在升高的压力和温度下在升高的压力和温度下流动或静态气氛(H2,Ar,NH3,空气)的原位研究,例如X射线和中子粉末衍射,热分析,环境扫描电子显微镜,拉曼,NMR ,uV-VI和X射线吸收细结构光谱。证实了改善合成和矛盾化学过程的固体气体反应的解开反应途径的潜力。

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    《Успехи химии》 |2020年第3期|共6页
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  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 化学;
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