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Sources of variation in physiological phenotypes and their evolutionarysignificance

机译：生理表型变异的来源及其进化意义

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We offer the thesis that environmental physiologists and evolutionary biologists can find fertile common ground in the study of how individual variation in physiological phenotypes originates and develops. The sources of such individual variation are often complex; the consequences affect how natural selection will act on a suite of traits, of which some may seem, at first glance, far removed from the usual domain of environmental physiology, We illustrate our thesis In two ways. First, we offer two examples drawn from studies of thermal tolerance in the poeciliid fish Heterandria formosa, We show how fitness variation can be a complex function of the gestational temperature and ther mal tolerance and how these effects can produce environmentally induced variation among populations in thermal tolerance that mimics a pattern of adaptive variation, Second, we review two case studies that illuminate how environmental effects on a multivariate phenotype can channel the action of natural selection. The phenotypic plasticity of male life history in Poecilia latipinna in response to temperature embraces a spectrum of traits; the effects of each one upon fitness will influence the ability of selection to mold the response of any one of them to temperature. The phenotypic covariances in thermal tolerance and life-history traits in Heterandria formosa differ slightly between populations from different parts of the species range, apparently because of differences between them in thermal sensitivity; this difference insures that the multivariate nature of selection will be correspondingly different in those different populations.
机译：我们提供了这样的论点，即环境生理学家和进化生物学家可以在研究生理表型的个体变异如何产生和发展的过程中找到沃土。这种个体变异的来源通常很复杂。其后果影响自然选择如何作用于一系列特征，乍一看似乎有些特征与通常的环境生理学领域相去甚远，我们以两种方式说明了我们的论点。首先，我们提供了两个示例，这些示例是从福氏杂种鱼类的热耐受性研究中得出的，我们展示了适应性变化如何可能是妊娠温度和热耐受性的复杂函数，以及这些影响如何在环境中引起热种群的环境变化第二，我们回顾了两个案例研究，这些案例阐明了对多元表型的环境影响如何引导自然选择的作用。在温度下，Poecilia latipinna的男性生活史的表型可塑性具有一系列特征。每个人对健身的影响都会影响选择能力，从而影响每个人对温度的反应。福建杂种的热耐受性和生活史特征的表型协方差在该物种范围不同部分的种群之间略有不同，这显然是因为它们之间的热敏感性不同。这种差异确保了选择的多元性质在那些不同的人群中将相应地有所不同。

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