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An integrative approach to the study of plant-animal interactions

机译：研究植物-动物相互作用的综合方法

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I am tempted to give one more instance showing how plants and animals, remote in the scale of nature, are bound together by a web of complex relations. (Darwin, 1859) Ecologists have been studying the interactions between plants and animals for as long as there have been ecologists. Charles Darwin studied the complex web of interactions even before he wrote his revolutionary book On the Origin of Species. Indeed, even his grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, was keenly aware of these interactions; he earned a small fortune for the family by writing poetry about the love lives of plants, accomplished through their relationships with animals (Gould, 1977). The study of plant-animal interactions has played a key role in the development of ecological theory. I give two examples here. Hairston et al. (1960) began with a particular view of the relationship between plants and their herbivores. This work inspired a generation of theory and empirical work on the structure of ecological communities, which helped define ideas of "top-down" and "bottom-up" effects. The concept of coevolution was first developed to describe the results of the relationship between particular plant species and the herbivorous insects that feed on them (Erlich and Raven, 1964). It has since been widely applied to describe the evolutionary results of a wide variety of ecological relationships between two or more biological entities (Futuyma and Slatkin, 1983).
机译：我很想再举一个例子，说明在自然界中遥远的动植物如何通过复杂的关系网捆绑在一起。 （达尔文，1859年），只要有生态学家，生态学家就一直在研究动植物之间的相互作用。查尔斯·达尔文（Charles Darwin）甚至在写了革命性的《物种起源》一书之前就研究了相互作用的复杂网络。的确，甚至他的祖父伊拉斯mus斯·达尔文（Erasmus Darwin）也敏锐地意识到了这些互动。他通过写关于植物的爱情生活的诗来为家庭赚了一笔小钱，这种诗是通过植物与动物的关系实现的（Gould，1977）。植物-动物相互作用的研究在生态学理论的发展中起着关键作用。我在这里举两个例子。 Hairston等。 （1960）从植物及其食草动物之间关系的特殊观点开始。这项工作启发了一代人就生态群落结构进行理论和实证研究，从而帮助定义了“自上而下”和“自下而上”效应的概念。协同进化的概念首先被描述来描述特定植物物种与以其为食的食草昆虫之间关系的结果（Erlich and Raven，1964）。此后已被广泛用于描述两个或多个生物实体之间多种生态关系的进化结果（Futuyma和Slatkin，1983）。

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