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首页> 外文期刊>American Zoologist >Crustacean pigmentary-effector hormones: Chemistry and functions of RPCH, PDH, and related peptides
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Crustacean pigmentary-effector hormones: Chemistry and functions of RPCH, PDH, and related peptides

机译：甲壳类色素效应激素：RPCH，PDH和相关肽的化学和功能

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Integumental color changes and eye pigment movements in crustaceans are regulated by pigmentary-effector hormones. The identified hormones include: an octapeptide RPCH (red pigment-concentrating hormone) and several forms of octadecapeptide PDH (pigment-dispersing hormone: alpha-PDH, beta-PDH). RPCH-reIated peptides (AKHs, adipokinetic hormones) and PDH-related peptides (PDFs, pigment-dispersing factors) occur in insects, and are recognized as members of AKH/RPCH and PDH/PDF peptide families. The domain for mature peptide is located between the signal peptide and precursor-related peptide in AKH/RPCH precursors, and at the C-terminal end in the PDH/PDF precursors. The precursor-related (associated) peptides in RPCH and PDH precursors in Crustacea show little or no similarity to corresponding domains of AKH and PDF precursors in insects. Although the functions of precursor-related peptides are unknown, the mature peptides are shown to serve diverse functions. RPCH's actions in crustaceans include: pigment concentration in one or more types of chromatophores, dark-adaptational screening pigment movement in distal eye pigment cells, increase of retinal sensitivity, and neuromodulation. The related AKHs largely influence metabolism in insects, although they serve additional functions. PDHs trigger pigment dispersion in chromatophores and induce light-adaptational screening pigment movements in extraretinular eye pigment cells. The related PDFs appear to serve as a transmitter of circadian signals in the regulation of biological rhythms in insects. Evolutionary relationships among the PDH/PDF peptides and directions for future research are discussed.
机译：甲壳动物的外皮颜色变化和眼睛色素运动受色素效应激素调节。鉴定出的激素包括：八肽RPCH（红色色素浓缩激素）和几种形式的八肽PDH（色素分散激素：α-PDH，β-PDH）。 RPCH相关肽（AKH，脂肪代谢激素）和PDH相关肽（PDF，色素分散因子）存在于昆虫中，被认为是AKH / RPCH和PDH / PDF肽家族的成员。成熟肽的结构域在AKH / RPCH前体中位于信号肽和前体相关肽之间，在PDH / PDF前体中位于C末端。甲壳动物中RPCH和PDH前体中与前体相关（相关）的肽与昆虫中AKH和PDF前体的相应结构域几乎没有相似性。尽管前体相关肽的功能尚不清楚，但成熟肽显示出多种功能。 RPCH在甲壳类动物中的作用包括：一种或多种类型的色谱中的色素浓度，在远端眼色素细胞中暗适应性筛选色素运动，视网膜敏感性增加和神经调节。尽管它们具有其他功能，但相关的AKH在很大程度上影响昆虫的新陈代谢。 PDHs触发色素在色谱中的分散，并在视网膜外眼色素细胞中诱导光适应性筛选色素运动。相关的PDF似乎在调节昆虫的生物节律中充当了昼夜节律信号的发送者。讨论了PDH / PDF肽之间的进化关系以及未来研究的方向。

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