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首页> 外文期刊>American Zoologist >Genome duplications and accelerated evolution of Hox genes and cluster architecture in teleost fishes
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Genome duplications and accelerated evolution of Hox genes and cluster architecture in teleost fishes

机译：硬骨鱼类中的基因组重复和Hox基因的加速进化以及簇结构

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The early origin of four vertebrate Hox gene clusters during the evolution of gnathostomes was likely caused by two consecutive duplications of tile entire genome and the subsequent loss of individual genes. The presumed conserved and important roles of these genes in tetrapods during development led to the general assumption that Hox cluster architecture had remained unchanged since the last common ancestor of all jawed vertebrates. But recent data from teleost fishes reveals that this is not the case. Here, we present all analysis of tile evolution of vertebrate Hox genes and clusters, with emphasis on the differences between the Hox A clusters of fish (actinopterygian) and tetrapod (sarcopterygian) lineages. In contrast to the general conservation of genomic architecture and gene sequence observed in sarcopterygians, the evolutionary history of actinopterygian Hox clusters likely includes an additional (third) genome duplication that initially increased the number of clusters from four to eight. We document, for the first time, higher rates of gene loss and gene sequence evolution in the Hox genes of fishes compared to those of land vertebrates. These two observations might suggest that two different molecular evolutionary strategies exist in the two major vertebrate lineages. Preliminary data from the African cichlid fish Oreochromis niloticus compared to those of the pufferfish and zebrafish reveal important differences in Hox cluster architecture among fishes and, together with genetic mapping data from Medaka, indicate that the third genome duplication was not zebratish-specific, but probably occurred early in the history of fishes. Each descending fish lineage that has been characterized so far, distinctively modified its Hox cluster architecture through independent secondary losses. This variation is related to tile large body plan differences observed among fishes, such as tile loss of entire sets of appendages and ribs in some lineages.
机译：在信虫进化过程中，四个脊椎动物Hox基因簇的早期起源很可能是由两个完整的基因组连续复制和随后单个基因的丢失引起的。这些基因在发育过程中在四足动物中的保守和重要作用导致人们普遍认为，自从所有有颚脊椎动物的最后一个共同祖先以来，Hox簇结构一直保持不变。但是最近硬骨鱼类的数据表明事实并非如此。在这里，我们对脊椎动物Hox基因和簇的瓦片进化进行所有分析，重点是鱼类（放线翅目）和四足动物（sar翅目）的Hox A簇之间的差异。与在翼翅目鸟类中观察到的一般基因组结构和基因序列的保守性相反，放线翅目霍克斯簇的进化历史可能包括额外的（第三次）基因组重复，最初使簇数目从四个增加到八个。我们首次记录了鱼类的Hox基因与陆地脊椎动物相比更高的基因丢失率和基因序列进化率。这两个发现可能表明在两个主要脊椎动物谱系中存在两种不同的分子进化策略。来自非洲丽鱼科鱼类Oreochromis niloticus的原始数据与河豚鱼和斑马鱼的数据相比，揭示了鱼类之间Hox簇结构的重要差异，并且与Medaka的遗传图谱数据一起表明，第三次基因组重复不是斑马鱼特异性的，但可能发生在鱼类历史的早期。到目前为止，每个已表征的下降鱼类谱系都通过独立的次生损失显着地改变了其Hox簇结构。这种变化与在鱼类之间观察到的大人体计划差异有关，例如整个附属物和某些谱系的肋骨失去了瓷砖。

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