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Crocodylian snouts in space and time: Phylogenetic approaches toward adaptive radiation

机译:时空中的鳄鱼鼻子:适应性辐射的系统发育方法

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Recent phylogenetic analyses of fossil and living crocodylians allow us to compare the taxonomic, geographic, and temporal distributions of morphological features, such as snout shapes. A few basic snout morphotypes-generalized, blunt, slender, deep, and excessively broad ("duck-faced")-occur multiple times in distantly-related lineages. Some clades-especially those found in the Northern Hemisphere or with minimum origination dates in the Cretaceous or lower Tertiary-are morphologically uniform, but geographically widespread; crocodylian faunas of the early Tertiary tend to be composite, with sympatric taxa being distantly related, and similar-looking taxa on different continents being close relatives. In contrast, crocodylian faunas of the later Tertiary tend to be more endemic, with local adaptive radiations occurring in Africa and Australia containing members of most basic snout shapes. Endemic radiations in Africa and Australia have largely been replaced by Crocodylus, which can be divided into subclades that may individually represent endemic adaptive radiations.
机译:最近对化石和活鳄鱼的系统发育分析使我们能够比较形态特征(例如口鼻形状)的分类,地理和时间分布。一些基本的鼻子形态,普遍的,钝的,细长的,深的和过分宽大的(鸭面的)在远缘的血统中多次出现。一些进化枝,特别是在北半球或在白垩纪或第三纪以下具有最短起源日期的进化枝,在形态上是统一的,但在地理上却分布广泛。第三纪初期的鳄鱼类动物群趋于复杂,同伴类群关系密切,不同大陆上相貌相似的类群是近亲。相比之下,第三纪以后的鳄类动物更趋于流行,在非洲和澳大利亚发生的局部适应性辐射中,大部分是最基本的鼻子形状。非洲和澳大利亚的地方性辐射已被鳄鳄所取代,它们可分为子小节,分别代表地方性适应性辐射。

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